This is doc/gccint.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.5 from doc/gccint.texi. INFO-DIR-SECTION Programming START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * gccint: (gccint). Internals of the GNU Compiler Collection. END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY This file documents the internals of the GNU compilers. Published by the Free Software Foundation 59 Temple Place - Suite 330 Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being "GNU General Public License" and "Funding Free Software", the Front-Cover texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) (see below). A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". (a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is: A GNU Manual (b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.  File: gccint.info, Node: Contributors, Next: Option Index, Prev: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Top Contributors to GCC ******************* The GCC project would like to thank its many contributors. Without them the project would not have been nearly as successful as it has been. Any omissions in this list are accidental. Feel free to contact if you have been left out or some of your contributions are not listed. Please keep this list in alphabetical order. * Analog Devices helped implement the support for complex data types and iterators. * John David Anglin for threading-related fixes and improvements to libstdc++-v3, and the HP-UX port. * James van Artsdalen wrote the code that makes efficient use of the Intel 80387 register stack. * Alasdair Baird for various bugfixes. * Gerald Baumgartner added the signature extension to the C++ front end. * Godmar Back for his Java improvements and encouragement. * Scott Bambrough for help porting the Java compiler. * Jon Beniston for his Win32 port of Java. * Geoff Berry for his Java object serialization work and various patches. * Eric Blake for helping to make GCJ and libgcj conform to the specifications. * Hans-J. Boehm for his garbage collector, IA-64 libffi port, and other Java work. * Neil Booth for work on cpplib, lang hooks, debug hooks and other miscellaneous clean-ups. * Per Bothner for his direction via the steering committee and various improvements to our infrastructure for supporting new languages. Chill front end implementation. Initial implementations of cpplib, fix-header, config.guess, libio, and past C++ library (libg++) maintainer. Dreaming up, designing and implementing much of GCJ. * Devon Bowen helped port GCC to the Tahoe. * Don Bowman for mips-vxworks contributions. * Dave Brolley for work on cpplib and Chill. * Robert Brown implemented the support for Encore 32000 systems. * Christian Bruel for improvements to local store elimination. * Herman A.J. ten Brugge for various fixes. * Joerg Brunsmann for Java compiler hacking and help with the GCJ FAQ. * Joe Buck for his direction via the steering committee. * Craig Burley for leadership of the Fortran effort. * Stephan Buys for contributing Doxygen notes for libstdc++. * Paolo Carlini for libstdc++ work: lots of efficiency improvements to the string class, hard detective work on the frustrating localization issues, and keeping up with the problem reports. * John Carr for his alias work, SPARC hacking, infrastructure improvements, previous contributions to the steering committee, loop optimizations, etc. * Steve Chamberlain for support for the Hitachi SH and H8 processors and the PicoJava processor, and for GCJ config fixes. * Glenn Chambers for help with the GCJ FAQ. * John-Marc Chandonia for various libgcj patches. * Scott Christley for his Objective-C contributions. * Eric Christopher for his Java porting help and clean-ups. * Branko Cibej for more warning contributions. * The GNU Classpath project for all of their merged runtime code. * Nick Clifton for arm, mcore, fr30, v850, m32r work, `--help', and other random hacking. * Michael Cook for libstdc++ cleanup patches to reduce warnings. * Ralf Corsepius for SH testing and minor bugfixing. * Stan Cox for care and feeding of the x86 port and lots of behind the scenes hacking. * Alex Crain provided changes for the 3b1. * Ian Dall for major improvements to the NS32k port. * Dario Dariol contributed the four varieties of sample programs that print a copy of their source. * Russell Davidson for fstream and stringstream fixes in libstdc++. * Mo DeJong for GCJ and libgcj bug fixes. * Gabriel Dos Reis for contributions to g++, contributions and maintenance of GCC diagnostics infrastructure, libstdc++-v3, including valarray<>, complex<>, maintaining the numerics library (including that pesky :-) and keeping up-to-date anything to do with numbers. * Ulrich Drepper for his work on glibc, testing of GCC using glibc, ISO C99 support, CFG dumping support, etc., plus support of the C++ runtime libraries including for all kinds of C interface issues, contributing and maintaining complex<>, sanity checking and disbursement, configuration architecture, libio maintenance, and early math work. * Richard Earnshaw for his ongoing work with the ARM. * David Edelsohn for his direction via the steering committee, ongoing work with the RS6000/PowerPC port, help cleaning up Haifa loop changes, and for doing the entire AIX port of libstdc++ with his bare hands. * Kevin Ediger for the floating point formatting of num_put::do_put in libstdc++. * Phil Edwards for libstdc++ work including configuration hackery, documentation maintainer, chief breaker of the web pages, the occasional iostream bugfix, and work on shared library symbol versioning. * Paul Eggert for random hacking all over GCC. * Mark Elbrecht for various DJGPP improvements, and for libstdc++ configuration support for locales and fstream-related fixes. * Vadim Egorov for libstdc++ fixes in strings, streambufs, and iostreams. * Ben Elliston for his work to move the Objective-C runtime into its own subdirectory and for his work on autoconf. * Marc Espie for OpenBSD support. * Doug Evans for much of the global optimization framework, arc, m32r, and SPARC work. * Fred Fish for BeOS support and Ada fixes. * Ivan Fontes Garcia for the Portugese translation of the GCJ FAQ. * Peter Gerwinski for various bugfixes and the Pascal front end. * Kaveh Ghazi for his direction via the steering committee and amazing work to make `-W -Wall' useful. * John Gilmore for a donation to the FSF earmarked improving GNU Java. * Judy Goldberg for c++ contributions. * Torbjorn Granlund for various fixes and the c-torture testsuite, multiply- and divide-by-constant optimization, improved long long support, improved leaf function register allocation, and his direction via the steering committee. * Anthony Green for his `-Os' contributions and Java front end work. * Stu Grossman for gdb hacking, allowing GCJ developers to debug our code. * Michael K. Gschwind contributed the port to the PDP-11. * Ron Guilmette implemented the `protoize' and `unprotoize' tools, the support for Dwarf symbolic debugging information, and much of the support for System V Release 4. He has also worked heavily on the Intel 386 and 860 support. * Bruno Haible for improvements in the runtime overhead for EH, new warnings and assorted bugfixes. * Andrew Haley for his amazing Java compiler and library efforts. * Chris Hanson assisted in making GCC work on HP-UX for the 9000 series 300. * Michael Hayes for various thankless work he's done trying to get the c30/c40 ports functional. Lots of loop and unroll improvements and fixes. * Kate Hedstrom for staking the g77 folks with an initial testsuite. * Richard Henderson for his ongoing SPARC, alpha, and ia32 work, loop opts, and generally fixing lots of old problems we've ignored for years, flow rewrite and lots of further stuff, including reviewing tons of patches. * Nobuyuki Hikichi of Software Research Associates, Tokyo, contributed the support for the Sony NEWS machine. * Manfred Hollstein for his ongoing work to keep the m88k alive, lots of testing an bugfixing, particularly of our configury code. * Steve Holmgren for MachTen patches. * Jan Hubicka for his x86 port improvements. * Christian Iseli for various bugfixes. * Kamil Iskra for general m68k hacking. * Lee Iverson for random fixes and MIPS testing. * Andreas Jaeger for various fixes to the MIPS port * Jakub Jelinek for his SPARC work and sibling call optimizations as well as lots of bug fixes and test cases, and for improving the Java build system. * Janis Johnson for ia64 testing and fixes and for her quality improvement sidetracks. * J. Kean Johnston for OpenServer support. * Tim Josling for the sample language treelang based originally on Richard Kenner's ""toy" language". * Nicolai Josuttis for additional libstdc++ documentation. * Klaus Kaempf for his ongoing work to make alpha-vms a viable target. * David Kashtan of SRI adapted GCC to VMS. * Ryszard Kabatek for many, many libstdc++ bugfixes and optimizations of strings, especially member functions, and for auto_ptr fixes. * Geoffrey Keating for his ongoing work to make the PPC work for GNU/Linux and his automatic regression tester. * Brendan Kehoe for his ongoing work with g++ and for a lot of early work in just about every part of libstdc++. * Oliver M. Kellogg of Deutsche Aerospace contributed the port to the MIL-STD-1750A. * Richard Kenner of the New York University Ultracomputer Research Laboratory wrote the machine descriptions for the AMD 29000, the DEC Alpha, the IBM RT PC, and the IBM RS/6000 as well as the support for instruction attributes. He also made changes to better support RISC processors including changes to common subexpression elimination, strength reduction, function calling sequence handling, and condition code support, in addition to generalizing the code for frame pointer elimination and delay slot scheduling. Richard Kenner was also the head maintainer of GCC for several years. * Mumit Khan for various contributions to the Cygwin and Mingw32 ports and maintaining binary releases for Windows hosts, and for massive libstdc++ porting work to Cygwin/Mingw32. * Robin Kirkham for cpu32 support. * Mark Klein for PA improvements. * Thomas Koenig for various bugfixes. * Bruce Korb for the new and improved fixincludes code. * Benjamin Kosnik for his g++ work and for leading the libstdc++-v3 effort. * Charles LaBrec contributed the support for the Integrated Solutions 68020 system. * Jeff Law for his direction via the steering committee, coordinating the entire egcs project and GCC 2.95, rolling out snapshots and releases, handling merges from GCC2, reviewing tons of patches that might have fallen through the cracks else, and random but extensive hacking. * Marc Lehmann for his direction via the steering committee and helping with analysis and improvements of x86 performance. * Ted Lemon wrote parts of the RTL reader and printer. * Kriang Lerdsuwanakij for improvements to demangler and various c++ fixes. * Warren Levy for tremendous work on libgcj (Java Runtime Library) and random work on the Java front end. * Alain Lichnewsky ported GCC to the MIPS CPU. * Oskar Liljeblad for hacking on AWT and his many Java bug reports and patches. * Robert Lipe for OpenServer support, new testsuites, testing, etc. * Weiwen Liu for testing and various bugfixes. * Dave Love for his ongoing work with the Fortran front end and runtime libraries. * Martin von Lo"wis for internal consistency checking infrastructure, various C++ improvements including namespace support, and tons of assistance with libstdc++/compiler merges. * H.J. Lu for his previous contributions to the steering committee, many x86 bug reports, prototype patches, and keeping the GNU/Linux ports working. * Greg McGary for random fixes and (someday) bounded pointers. * Andrew MacLeod for his ongoing work in building a real EH system, various code generation improvements, work on the global optimizer, etc. * Vladimir Makarov for hacking some ugly i960 problems, PowerPC hacking improvements to compile-time performance, overall knowledge and direction in the area of instruction scheduling, and design and implementation of the automaton based instruction scheduler. * Bob Manson for his behind the scenes work on dejagnu. * Philip Martin for lots of libstdc++ string and vector iterator fixes and improvements, and string clean up and testsuites. * All of the Mauve project contributors, for Java test code. * Bryce McKinlay for numerous GCJ and libgcj fixes and improvements. * Adam Megacz for his work on the Win32 port of GCJ. * Michael Meissner for LRS framework, ia32, m32r, v850, m88k, MIPS, powerpc, haifa, ECOFF debug support, and other assorted hacking. * Jason Merrill for his direction via the steering committee and leading the g++ effort. * David Miller for his direction via the steering committee, lots of SPARC work, improvements in jump.c and interfacing with the Linux kernel developers. * Gary Miller ported GCC to Charles River Data Systems machines. * Alfred Minarik for libstdc++ string and ios bugfixes, and turning the entire libstdc++ testsuite namespace-compatible. * Mark Mitchell for his direction via the steering committee, mountains of C++ work, load/store hoisting out of loops, alias analysis improvements, ISO C `restrict' support, and serving as release manager for GCC 3.x. * Alan Modra for various GNU/Linux bits and testing. * Toon Moene for his direction via the steering committee, Fortran maintenance, and his ongoing work to make us make Fortran run fast. * Jason Molenda for major help in the care and feeding of all the services on the gcc.gnu.org (formerly egcs.cygnus.com) machine--mail, web services, ftp services, etc etc. Doing all this work on scrap paper and the backs of envelopes would have been... difficult. * Catherine Moore for fixing various ugly problems we have sent her way, including the haifa bug which was killing the Alpha & PowerPC Linux kernels. * Mike Moreton for his various Java patches. * David Mosberger-Tang for various Alpha improvements. * Stephen Moshier contributed the floating point emulator that assists in cross-compilation and permits support for floating point numbers wider than 64 bits and for ISO C99 support. * Bill Moyer for his behind the scenes work on various issues. * Philippe De Muyter for his work on the m68k port. * Joseph S. Myers for his work on the PDP-11 port, format checking and ISO C99 support, and continuous emphasis on (and contributions to) documentation. * Nathan Myers for his work on libstdc++-v3: architecture and authorship through the first three snapshots, including implementation of locale infrastructure, string, shadow C headers, and the initial project documentation (DESIGN, CHECKLIST, and so forth). Later, more work on MT-safe string and shadow headers. * Felix Natter for documentation on porting libstdc++. * NeXT, Inc. donated the front end that supports the Objective-C language. * Hans-Peter Nilsson for the CRIS and MMIX ports, improvements to the search engine setup, various documentation fixes and other small fixes. * Geoff Noer for this work on getting cygwin native builds working. * David O'Brien for the FreeBSD/alpha, FreeBSD/AMD x86-64, FreeBSD/ARM, FreeBSD/PowerPC, and FreeBSD/SPARC64 ports and related infrastructure improvements. * Alexandre Oliva for various build infrastructure improvements, scripts and amazing testing work, including keeping libtool issues sane and happy. * Melissa O'Neill for various NeXT fixes. * Rainer Orth for random MIPS work, including improvements to our o32 ABI support, improvements to dejagnu's MIPS support, Java configuration clean-ups and porting work, etc. * Paul Petersen wrote the machine description for the Alliant FX/8. * Alexandre Petit-Bianco for implementing much of the Java compiler and continued Java maintainership. * Matthias Pfaller for major improvements to the NS32k port. * Gerald Pfeifer for his direction via the steering committee, pointing out lots of problems we need to solve, maintenance of the web pages, and taking care of documentation maintenance in general. * Ovidiu Predescu for his work on the Objective-C front end and runtime libraries. * Ken Raeburn for various improvements to checker, MIPS ports and various cleanups in the compiler. * Rolf W. Rasmussen for hacking on AWT. * David Reese of Sun Microsystems contributed to the Solaris on PowerPC port. * Joern Rennecke for maintaining the sh port, loop, regmove & reload hacking. * Loren J. Rittle for improvements to libstdc++-v3 including the FreeBSD port, threading fixes, thread-related configury changes, critical threading documentation, and solutions to really tricky I/O problems. * Craig Rodrigues for processing tons of bug reports. * Gavin Romig-Koch for lots of behind the scenes MIPS work. * Ken Rose for fixes to our delay slot filling code. * Paul Rubin wrote most of the preprocessor. * Chip Salzenberg for libstdc++ patches and improvements to locales, traits, Makefiles, libio, libtool hackery, and "long long" support. * Juha Sarlin for improvements to the H8 code generator. * Greg Satz assisted in making GCC work on HP-UX for the 9000 series 300. * Bradley Schatz for his work on the GCJ FAQ. * Peter Schauer wrote the code to allow debugging to work on the Alpha. * William Schelter did most of the work on the Intel 80386 support. * Bernd Schmidt for various code generation improvements and major work in the reload pass as well a serving as release manager for GCC 2.95.3. * Peter Schmid for constant testing of libstdc++ - especially application testing, going above and beyond what was requested for the release criteria - and libstdc++ header file tweaks. * Jason Schroeder for jcf-dump patches. * Andreas Schwab for his work on the m68k port. * Joel Sherrill for his direction via the steering committee, RTEMS contributions and RTEMS testing. * Nathan Sidwell for many C++ fixes/improvements. * Jeffrey Siegal for helping RMS with the original design of GCC, some code which handles the parse tree and RTL data structures, constant folding and help with the original VAX & m68k ports. * Kenny Simpson for prompting libstdc++ fixes due to defect reports from the LWG (thereby keeping us in line with updates from the ISO). * Franz Sirl for his ongoing work with making the PPC port stable for linux. * Andrey Slepuhin for assorted AIX hacking. * Christopher Smith did the port for Convex machines. * Randy Smith finished the Sun FPA support. * Scott Snyder for queue, iterator, istream, and string fixes and libstdc++ testsuite entries. * Brad Spencer for contributions to the GLIBCPP_FORCE_NEW technique. * Richard Stallman, for writing the original gcc and launching the GNU project. * Jan Stein of the Chalmers Computer Society provided support for Genix, as well as part of the 32000 machine description. * Nigel Stephens for various mips16 related fixes/improvements. * Jonathan Stone wrote the machine description for the Pyramid computer. * Graham Stott for various infrastructure improvements. * John Stracke for his Java HTTP protocol fixes. * Mike Stump for his Elxsi port, g++ contributions over the years and more recently his vxworks contributions * Jeff Sturm for Java porting help, bug fixes, and encouragement. * Shigeya Suzuki for this fixes for the bsdi platforms. * Ian Lance Taylor for his mips16 work, general configury hacking, fixincludes, etc. * Holger Teutsch provided the support for the Clipper CPU. * Gary Thomas for his ongoing work to make the PPC work for GNU/Linux. * Philipp Thomas for random bugfixes throughout the compiler * Jason Thorpe for thread support in libstdc++ on NetBSD. * Kresten Krab Thorup wrote the run time support for the Objective-C language and the fantastic Java bytecode interpreter. * Michael Tiemann for random bugfixes, the first instruction scheduler, initial C++ support, function integration, NS32k, SPARC and M88k machine description work, delay slot scheduling. * Andreas Tobler for his work porting libgcj to Darwin. * Teemu Torma for thread safe exception handling support. * Leonard Tower wrote parts of the parser, RTL generator, and RTL definitions, and of the VAX machine description. * Tom Tromey for internationalization support and for his many Java contributions and libgcj maintainership. * Lassi Tuura for improvements to config.guess to determine HP processor types. * Petter Urkedal for libstdc++ CXXFLAGS, math, and algorithms fixes. * Brent Verner for work with the libstdc++ cshadow files and their associated configure steps. * Todd Vierling for contributions for NetBSD ports. * Jonathan Wakely for contributing libstdc++ Doxygen notes and XHTML guidance. * Dean Wakerley for converting the install documentation from HTML to texinfo in time for GCC 3.0. * Krister Walfridsson for random bugfixes. * Stephen M. Webb for time and effort on making libstdc++ shadow files work with the tricky Solaris 8+ headers, and for pushing the build-time header tree. * John Wehle for various improvements for the x86 code generator, related infrastructure improvements to help x86 code generation, value range propagation and other work, WE32k port. * Zack Weinberg for major work on cpplib and various other bugfixes. * Matt Welsh for help with Linux Threads support in GCJ. * Urban Widmark for help fixing java.io. * Mark Wielaard for new Java library code and his work integrating with Classpath. * Dale Wiles helped port GCC to the Tahoe. * Bob Wilson from Tensilica, Inc. for the Xtensa port. * Jim Wilson for his direction via the steering committee, tackling hard problems in various places that nobody else wanted to work on, strength reduction and other loop optimizations. * Carlo Wood for various fixes. * Tom Wood for work on the m88k port. * Masanobu Yuhara of Fujitsu Laboratories implemented the machine description for the Tron architecture (specifically, the Gmicro). * Kevin Zachmann helped ported GCC to the Tahoe. * Gilles Zunino for help porting Java to Irix. We'd also like to thank the folks who have contributed time and energy in testing GCC: * Michael Abd-El-Malek * Thomas Arend * Bonzo Armstrong * Steven Ashe * Chris Baldwin * David Billinghurst * Jim Blandy * Stephane Bortzmeyer * Horst von Brand * Frank Braun * Rodney Brown * Joe Buck * Craig Burley * Sidney Cadot * Bradford Castalia * Ralph Doncaster * Ulrich Drepper * David Edelsohn * Richard Emberson * Levente Farkas * Graham Fawcett * Robert A. French * Jo"rgen Freyh * Mark K. Gardner * Charles-Antoine Gauthier * Yung Shing Gene * Kaveh Ghazi * David Gilbert * Simon Gornall * Fred Gray * John Griffin * Patrik Hagglund * Phil Hargett * Amancio Hasty * Bryan W. Headley * Kate Hedstrom * Richard Henderson * Kevin B. Hendricks * Manfred Hollstein * Kamil Iskra * Joep Jansen * Christian Joensson * David Kidd * Tobias Kuipers * Anand Krishnaswamy * Jeff Law * Robert Lipe * llewelly * Damon Love * Dave Love * H.J. Lu * Brad Lucier * Mumit Khan * Matthias Klose * Martin Knoblauch * Jesse Macnish * David Miller * Toon Moene * Stefan Morrell * Anon A. Mous * Matthias Mueller * Pekka Nikander * Alexandre Oliva * Jon Olson * Magnus Persson * Chris Pollard * Richard Polton * David Rees * Paul Reilly * Tom Reilly * Loren J. Rittle * Torsten Rueger * Danny Sadinoff * Marc Schifer * Peter Schmid * David Schuler * Vin Shelton * Franz Sirl * Tim Souder * Mike Stump * Adam Sulmicki * George Talbot * Gregory Warnes * Carlo Wood * David E. Young * And many others And finally we'd like to thank everyone who uses the compiler, submits bug reports and generally reminds us why we're doing this work in the first place.  File: gccint.info, Node: Option Index, Next: Index, Prev: Contributors, Up: Top Option Index ************ GCC's command line options are indexed here without any initial `-' or `--'. Where an option has both positive and negative forms (such as `-fOPTION' and `-fno-OPTION'), relevant entries in the manual are indexed under the most appropriate form; it may sometimes be useful to look up both forms. * Menu: * dB: Passes. * dc: Passes. * dd: Passes. * dE: Passes. * de: Passes. * df: Passes. * dg: Passes. * dG: Passes. * di: Passes. * dj: Passes. * dk: Passes. * dl: Passes. * dL: Passes. * dN: Passes. * dR: Passes. * dr: Passes. * dS: Passes. * ds: Passes. * dt: Passes. * dW: Passes. * dX: Passes. * frerun-cse-after-loop: Passes. * fssa: Passes. * fssa-ccp: Passes. * fssa-dce: Passes. * fthread-jumps: Passes. * msoft-float: Interface.