]> oss.titaniummirror.com Git - msp430-binutils.git/blobdiff - gold/expression.cc
Merge commit 'upstream/2.20'
[msp430-binutils.git] / gold / expression.cc
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+// expression.cc -- expressions in linker scripts for gold
+
+// Copyright 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+// Written by Ian Lance Taylor <iant@google.com>.
+
+// This file is part of gold.
+
+// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+// Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston,
+// MA 02110-1301, USA.
+
+#include "gold.h"
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "elfcpp.h"
+#include "parameters.h"
+#include "symtab.h"
+#include "layout.h"
+#include "output.h"
+#include "script.h"
+#include "script-c.h"
+
+namespace gold
+{
+
+// This file holds the code which handles linker expressions.
+
+// The dot symbol, which linker scripts refer to simply as ".",
+// requires special treatment.  The dot symbol is set several times,
+// section addresses will refer to it, output sections will change it,
+// and it can be set based on the value of other symbols.  We simplify
+// the handling by prohibiting setting the dot symbol to the value of
+// a non-absolute symbol.
+
+// When evaluating the value of an expression, we pass in a pointer to
+// this struct, so that the expression evaluation can find the
+// information it needs.
+
+struct Expression::Expression_eval_info
+{
+  // The symbol table.
+  const Symbol_table* symtab;
+  // The layout--we use this to get section information.
+  const Layout* layout;
+  // Whether to check assertions.
+  bool check_assertions;
+  // Whether expressions can refer to the dot symbol.  The dot symbol
+  // is only available within a SECTIONS clause.
+  bool is_dot_available;
+  // The current value of the dot symbol.
+  uint64_t dot_value;
+  // The section in which the dot symbol is defined; this is NULL if
+  // it is absolute.
+  Output_section* dot_section;
+  // Points to where the section of the result should be stored.
+  Output_section** result_section_pointer;
+};
+
+// Evaluate an expression.
+
+uint64_t
+Expression::eval(const Symbol_table* symtab, const Layout* layout,
+                bool check_assertions)
+{
+  Output_section* dummy;
+  return this->eval_maybe_dot(symtab, layout, check_assertions,
+                             false, 0, NULL, &dummy);
+}
+
+// Evaluate an expression which may refer to the dot symbol.
+
+uint64_t
+Expression::eval_with_dot(const Symbol_table* symtab, const Layout* layout,
+                         bool check_assertions, uint64_t dot_value,
+                         Output_section* dot_section,
+                         Output_section** result_section_pointer)
+{
+  return this->eval_maybe_dot(symtab, layout, check_assertions, true,
+                             dot_value, dot_section, result_section_pointer);
+}
+
+// Evaluate an expression which may or may not refer to the dot
+// symbol.
+
+uint64_t
+Expression::eval_maybe_dot(const Symbol_table* symtab, const Layout* layout,
+                          bool check_assertions, bool is_dot_available,
+                          uint64_t dot_value, Output_section* dot_section,
+                          Output_section** result_section_pointer)
+{
+  Expression_eval_info eei;
+  eei.symtab = symtab;
+  eei.layout = layout;
+  eei.check_assertions = check_assertions;
+  eei.is_dot_available = is_dot_available;
+  eei.dot_value = dot_value;
+  eei.dot_section = dot_section;
+
+  // We assume the value is absolute, and only set this to a section
+  // if we find a section relative reference.
+  *result_section_pointer = NULL;
+  eei.result_section_pointer = result_section_pointer;
+
+  return this->value(&eei);
+}
+
+// A number.
+
+class Integer_expression : public Expression
+{
+ public:
+  Integer_expression(uint64_t val)
+    : val_(val)
+  { }
+
+  uint64_t
+  value(const Expression_eval_info*)
+  { return this->val_; }
+
+  void
+  print(FILE* f) const
+  { fprintf(f, "0x%llx", static_cast<unsigned long long>(this->val_)); }
+
+ private:
+  uint64_t val_;
+};
+
+extern "C" Expression*
+script_exp_integer(uint64_t val)
+{
+  return new Integer_expression(val);
+}
+
+// An expression whose value is the value of a symbol.
+
+class Symbol_expression : public Expression
+{
+ public:
+  Symbol_expression(const char* name, size_t length)
+    : name_(name, length)
+  { }
+
+  uint64_t
+  value(const Expression_eval_info*);
+
+  void
+  print(FILE* f) const
+  { fprintf(f, "%s", this->name_.c_str()); }
+
+ private:
+  std::string name_;
+};
+
+uint64_t
+Symbol_expression::value(const Expression_eval_info* eei)
+{
+  Symbol* sym = eei->symtab->lookup(this->name_.c_str());
+  if (sym == NULL || !sym->is_defined())
+    {
+      gold_error(_("undefined symbol '%s' referenced in expression"),
+                this->name_.c_str());
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+  *eei->result_section_pointer = sym->output_section();
+
+  if (parameters->target().get_size() == 32)
+    return eei->symtab->get_sized_symbol<32>(sym)->value();
+  else if (parameters->target().get_size() == 64)
+    return eei->symtab->get_sized_symbol<64>(sym)->value();
+  else
+    gold_unreachable();
+}
+
+// An expression whose value is the value of the special symbol ".".
+// This is only valid within a SECTIONS clause.
+
+class Dot_expression : public Expression
+{
+ public:
+  Dot_expression()
+  { }
+
+  uint64_t
+  value(const Expression_eval_info*);
+
+  void
+  print(FILE* f) const
+  { fprintf(f, "."); }
+};
+
+uint64_t
+Dot_expression::value(const Expression_eval_info* eei)
+{
+  if (!eei->is_dot_available)
+    {
+      gold_error(_("invalid reference to dot symbol outside of "
+                  "SECTIONS clause"));
+      return 0;
+    }
+  *eei->result_section_pointer = eei->dot_section;
+  return eei->dot_value;
+}
+
+// A string.  This is either the name of a symbol, or ".".
+
+extern "C" Expression*
+script_exp_string(const char* name, size_t length)
+{
+  if (length == 1 && name[0] == '.')
+    return new Dot_expression();
+  else
+    return new Symbol_expression(name, length);
+}
+
+// A unary expression.
+
+class Unary_expression : public Expression
+{
+ public:
+  Unary_expression(Expression* arg)
+    : arg_(arg)
+  { }
+
+  ~Unary_expression()
+  { delete this->arg_; }
+
+ protected:
+  uint64_t
+  arg_value(const Expression_eval_info* eei,
+           Output_section** arg_section_pointer) const
+  {
+    return this->arg_->eval_maybe_dot(eei->symtab, eei->layout,
+                                     eei->check_assertions,
+                                     eei->is_dot_available,
+                                     eei->dot_value,
+                                     eei->dot_section,
+                                     arg_section_pointer);
+  }
+
+  void
+  arg_print(FILE* f) const
+  { this->arg_->print(f); }
+
+ private:
+  Expression* arg_;
+};
+
+// Handle unary operators.  We use a preprocessor macro as a hack to
+// capture the C operator.
+
+#define UNARY_EXPRESSION(NAME, OPERATOR)                               \
+  class Unary_ ## NAME : public Unary_expression                       \
+  {                                                                    \
+  public:                                                              \
+    Unary_ ## NAME(Expression* arg)                                    \
+      : Unary_expression(arg)                                          \
+    { }                                                                        \
+                                                                       \
+    uint64_t                                                           \
+    value(const Expression_eval_info* eei)                             \
+    {                                                                  \
+      Output_section* arg_section;                                     \
+      uint64_t ret = OPERATOR this->arg_value(eei, &arg_section);      \
+      if (arg_section != NULL && parameters->options().relocatable())  \
+       gold_warning(_("unary " #NAME " applied to section "            \
+                      "relative value"));                              \
+      return ret;                                                      \
+    }                                                                  \
+                                                                       \
+    void                                                               \
+    print(FILE* f) const                                               \
+    {                                                                  \
+      fprintf(f, "(%s ", #OPERATOR);                                   \
+      this->arg_print(f);                                              \
+      fprintf(f, ")");                                                 \
+    }                                                                  \
+  };                                                                   \
+                                                                       \
+  extern "C" Expression*                                               \
+  script_exp_unary_ ## NAME(Expression* arg)                           \
+  {                                                                    \
+      return new Unary_ ## NAME(arg);                                  \
+  }
+
+UNARY_EXPRESSION(minus, -)
+UNARY_EXPRESSION(logical_not, !)
+UNARY_EXPRESSION(bitwise_not, ~)
+
+// A binary expression.
+
+class Binary_expression : public Expression
+{
+ public:
+  Binary_expression(Expression* left, Expression* right)
+    : left_(left), right_(right)
+  { }
+
+  ~Binary_expression()
+  {
+    delete this->left_;
+    delete this->right_;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  uint64_t
+  left_value(const Expression_eval_info* eei,
+            Output_section** section_pointer) const
+  {
+    return this->left_->eval_maybe_dot(eei->symtab, eei->layout,
+                                      eei->check_assertions,
+                                      eei->is_dot_available,
+                                      eei->dot_value,
+                                      eei->dot_section,
+                                      section_pointer);
+  }
+
+  uint64_t
+  right_value(const Expression_eval_info* eei,
+             Output_section** section_pointer) const
+  {
+    return this->right_->eval_maybe_dot(eei->symtab, eei->layout,
+                                       eei->check_assertions,
+                                       eei->is_dot_available,
+                                       eei->dot_value,
+                                       eei->dot_section,
+                                       section_pointer);
+  }
+
+  void
+  left_print(FILE* f) const
+  { this->left_->print(f); }
+
+  void
+  right_print(FILE* f) const
+  { this->right_->print(f); }
+
+  // This is a call to function FUNCTION_NAME.  Print it.  This is for
+  // debugging.
+  void
+  print_function(FILE* f, const char *function_name) const
+  {
+    fprintf(f, "%s(", function_name);
+    this->left_print(f);
+    fprintf(f, ", ");
+    this->right_print(f);
+    fprintf(f, ")");
+  }
+
+ private:
+  Expression* left_;
+  Expression* right_;
+};
+
+// Handle binary operators.  We use a preprocessor macro as a hack to
+// capture the C operator.  KEEP_LEFT means that if the left operand
+// is section relative and the right operand is not, the result uses
+// the same section as the left operand.  KEEP_RIGHT is the same with
+// left and right swapped.  IS_DIV means that we need to give an error
+// if the right operand is zero.  WARN means that we should warn if
+// used on section relative values in a relocatable link.  We always
+// warn if used on values in different sections in a relocatable link.
+
+#define BINARY_EXPRESSION(NAME, OPERATOR, KEEP_LEFT, KEEP_RIGHT, IS_DIV, WARN) \
+  class Binary_ ## NAME : public Binary_expression                     \
+  {                                                                    \
+  public:                                                              \
+    Binary_ ## NAME(Expression* left, Expression* right)               \
+      : Binary_expression(left, right)                                 \
+    { }                                                                        \
+                                                                       \
+    uint64_t                                                           \
+    value(const Expression_eval_info* eei)                             \
+    {                                                                  \
+      Output_section* left_section;                                    \
+      uint64_t left = this->left_value(eei, &left_section);            \
+      Output_section* right_section;                                   \
+      uint64_t right = this->right_value(eei, &right_section);         \
+      if (KEEP_RIGHT && left_section == NULL && right_section != NULL) \
+       *eei->result_section_pointer = right_section;                   \
+      else if (KEEP_LEFT                                               \
+              && left_section != NULL                                  \
+              && right_section == NULL)                                \
+       *eei->result_section_pointer = left_section;                    \
+      else if ((WARN || left_section != right_section)                 \
+              && (left_section != NULL || right_section != NULL)       \
+              && parameters->options().relocatable())                  \
+       gold_warning(_("binary " #NAME " applied to section "           \
+                      "relative value"));                              \
+      if (IS_DIV && right == 0)                                                \
+       {                                                               \
+         gold_error(_(#NAME " by zero"));                              \
+         return 0;                                                     \
+       }                                                               \
+      return left OPERATOR right;                                      \
+    }                                                                  \
+                                                                       \
+    void                                                               \
+    print(FILE* f) const                                               \
+    {                                                                  \
+      fprintf(f, "(");                                                 \
+      this->left_print(f);                                             \
+      fprintf(f, " %s ", #OPERATOR);                                   \
+      this->right_print(f);                                            \
+      fprintf(f, ")");                                                 \
+    }                                                                  \
+  };                                                                   \
+                                                                       \
+  extern "C" Expression*                                               \
+  script_exp_binary_ ## NAME(Expression* left, Expression* right)      \
+  {                                                                    \
+    return new Binary_ ## NAME(left, right);                           \
+  }
+
+BINARY_EXPRESSION(mult, *, false, false, false, true)
+BINARY_EXPRESSION(div, /, false, false, true, true)
+BINARY_EXPRESSION(mod, %, false, false, true, true)
+BINARY_EXPRESSION(add, +, true, true, false, true)
+BINARY_EXPRESSION(sub, -, true, false, false, false)
+BINARY_EXPRESSION(lshift, <<, false, false, false, true)
+BINARY_EXPRESSION(rshift, >>, false, false, false, true)
+BINARY_EXPRESSION(eq, ==, false, false, false, false)
+BINARY_EXPRESSION(ne, !=, false, false, false, false)
+BINARY_EXPRESSION(le, <=, false, false, false, false)
+BINARY_EXPRESSION(ge, >=, false, false, false, false)
+BINARY_EXPRESSION(lt, <, false, false, false, false)
+BINARY_EXPRESSION(gt, >, false, false, false, false)
+BINARY_EXPRESSION(bitwise_and, &, true, true, false, true)
+BINARY_EXPRESSION(bitwise_xor, ^, true, true, false, true)
+BINARY_EXPRESSION(bitwise_or, |, true, true, false, true)
+BINARY_EXPRESSION(logical_and, &&, false, false, false, true)
+BINARY_EXPRESSION(logical_or, ||, false, false, false, true)
+
+// A trinary expression.
+
+class Trinary_expression : public Expression
+{
+ public:
+  Trinary_expression(Expression* arg1, Expression* arg2, Expression* arg3)
+    : arg1_(arg1), arg2_(arg2), arg3_(arg3)
+  { }
+
+  ~Trinary_expression()
+  {
+    delete this->arg1_;
+    delete this->arg2_;
+    delete this->arg3_;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  uint64_t
+  arg1_value(const Expression_eval_info* eei,
+            Output_section** section_pointer) const
+  {
+    return this->arg1_->eval_maybe_dot(eei->symtab, eei->layout,
+                                      eei->check_assertions,
+                                      eei->is_dot_available,
+                                      eei->dot_value,
+                                      eei->dot_section,
+                                      section_pointer);
+  }
+
+  uint64_t
+  arg2_value(const Expression_eval_info* eei,
+            Output_section** section_pointer) const
+  {
+    return this->arg1_->eval_maybe_dot(eei->symtab, eei->layout,
+                                      eei->check_assertions,
+                                      eei->is_dot_available,
+                                      eei->dot_value,
+                                      eei->dot_section,
+                                      section_pointer);
+  }
+
+  uint64_t
+  arg3_value(const Expression_eval_info* eei,
+            Output_section** section_pointer) const
+  {
+    return this->arg1_->eval_maybe_dot(eei->symtab, eei->layout,
+                                      eei->check_assertions,
+                                      eei->is_dot_available,
+                                      eei->dot_value,
+                                      eei->dot_section,
+                                      section_pointer);
+  }
+
+  void
+  arg1_print(FILE* f) const
+  { this->arg1_->print(f); }
+
+  void
+  arg2_print(FILE* f) const
+  { this->arg2_->print(f); }
+
+  void
+  arg3_print(FILE* f) const
+  { this->arg3_->print(f); }
+
+ private:
+  Expression* arg1_;
+  Expression* arg2_;
+  Expression* arg3_;
+};
+
+// The conditional operator.
+
+class Trinary_cond : public Trinary_expression
+{
+ public:
+  Trinary_cond(Expression* arg1, Expression* arg2, Expression* arg3)
+    : Trinary_expression(arg1, arg2, arg3)
+  { }
+
+  uint64_t
+  value(const Expression_eval_info* eei)
+  {
+    Output_section* arg1_section;
+    uint64_t arg1 = this->arg1_value(eei, &arg1_section);
+    return (arg1
+           ? this->arg2_value(eei, eei->result_section_pointer)
+           : this->arg3_value(eei, eei->result_section_pointer));
+  }
+
+  void
+  print(FILE* f) const
+  {
+    fprintf(f, "(");
+    this->arg1_print(f);
+    fprintf(f, " ? ");
+    this->arg2_print(f);
+    fprintf(f, " : ");
+    this->arg3_print(f);
+    fprintf(f, ")");
+  }
+};
+
+extern "C" Expression*
+script_exp_trinary_cond(Expression* arg1, Expression* arg2, Expression* arg3)
+{
+  return new Trinary_cond(arg1, arg2, arg3);
+}
+
+// Max function.
+
+class Max_expression : public Binary_expression
+{
+ public:
+  Max_expression(Expression* left, Expression* right)
+    : Binary_expression(left, right)
+  { }
+
+  uint64_t
+  value(const Expression_eval_info* eei)
+  {
+    Output_section* left_section;
+    uint64_t left = this->left_value(eei, &left_section);
+    Output_section* right_section;
+    uint64_t right = this->right_value(eei, &right_section);
+    if (left_section == right_section)
+      *eei->result_section_pointer = left_section;
+    else if ((left_section != NULL || right_section != NULL)
+            && parameters->options().relocatable())
+      gold_warning(_("max applied to section relative value"));
+    return std::max(left, right);
+  }
+
+  void
+  print(FILE* f) const
+  { this->print_function(f, "MAX"); }
+};
+
+extern "C" Expression*
+script_exp_function_max(Expression* left, Expression* right)
+{
+  return new Max_expression(left, right);
+}
+
+// Min function.
+
+class Min_expression : public Binary_expression
+{
+ public:
+  Min_expression(Expression* left, Expression* right)
+    : Binary_expression(left, right)
+  { }
+
+  uint64_t
+  value(const Expression_eval_info* eei)
+  {
+    Output_section* left_section;
+    uint64_t left = this->left_value(eei, &left_section);
+    Output_section* right_section;
+    uint64_t right = this->right_value(eei, &right_section);
+    if (left_section == right_section)
+      *eei->result_section_pointer = left_section;
+    else if ((left_section != NULL || right_section != NULL)
+            && parameters->options().relocatable())
+      gold_warning(_("min applied to section relative value"));
+    return std::min(left, right);
+  }
+
+  void
+  print(FILE* f) const
+  { this->print_function(f, "MIN"); }
+};
+
+extern "C" Expression*
+script_exp_function_min(Expression* left, Expression* right)
+{
+  return new Min_expression(left, right);
+}
+
+// Class Section_expression.  This is a parent class used for
+// functions which take the name of an output section.
+
+class Section_expression : public Expression
+{
+ public:
+  Section_expression(const char* section_name, size_t section_name_len)
+    : section_name_(section_name, section_name_len)
+  { }
+
+  uint64_t
+  value(const Expression_eval_info*);
+
+  void
+  print(FILE* f) const
+  { fprintf(f, "%s(%s)", this->function_name(), this->section_name_.c_str()); }
+
+ protected:
+  // The child class must implement this.
+  virtual uint64_t
+  value_from_output_section(const Expression_eval_info*,
+                           Output_section*) = 0;
+
+  // The child class must implement this.
+  virtual uint64_t
+  value_from_script_output_section(uint64_t address, uint64_t load_address,
+                                   uint64_t addralign, uint64_t size) = 0;
+
+  // The child class must implement this.
+  virtual const char*
+  function_name() const = 0;
+
+ private:
+  std::string section_name_;
+};
+
+uint64_t
+Section_expression::value(const Expression_eval_info* eei)
+{
+  const char* section_name = this->section_name_.c_str();
+  Output_section* os = eei->layout->find_output_section(section_name);
+  if (os != NULL)
+    return this->value_from_output_section(eei, os);
+
+  uint64_t address;
+  uint64_t load_address;
+  uint64_t addralign;
+  uint64_t size;
+  const Script_options* ss = eei->layout->script_options();
+  if (ss->saw_sections_clause())
+    {
+      if (ss->script_sections()->get_output_section_info(section_name,
+                                                         &address,
+                                                         &load_address,
+                                                         &addralign,
+                                                         &size))
+        return this->value_from_script_output_section(address, load_address,
+                                                      addralign, size);
+    }
+
+  gold_error("%s called on nonexistent output section '%s'",
+             this->function_name(), section_name);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// ABSOLUTE function.
+
+class Absolute_expression : public Unary_expression
+{
+ public:
+  Absolute_expression(Expression* arg)
+    : Unary_expression(arg)
+  { }
+
+  uint64_t
+  value(const Expression_eval_info* eei)
+  {
+    Output_section* dummy;
+    uint64_t ret = this->arg_value(eei, &dummy);
+    // Force the value to be absolute.
+    *eei->result_section_pointer = NULL;
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  void
+  print(FILE* f) const
+  {
+    fprintf(f, "ABSOLUTE(");
+    this->arg_print(f);
+    fprintf(f, ")");
+  }
+};
+
+extern "C" Expression*
+script_exp_function_absolute(Expression* arg)
+{
+  return new Absolute_expression(arg);
+}
+
+// ALIGN function.
+
+class Align_expression : public Binary_expression
+{
+ public:
+  Align_expression(Expression* left, Expression* right)
+    : Binary_expression(left, right)
+  { }
+
+  uint64_t
+  value(const Expression_eval_info* eei)
+  {
+    Output_section* align_section;
+    uint64_t align = this->right_value(eei, &align_section);
+    if (align_section != NULL
+       && parameters->options().relocatable())
+      gold_warning(_("aligning to section relative value"));
+
+    uint64_t value = this->left_value(eei, eei->result_section_pointer);
+    if (align <= 1)
+      return value;
+    return ((value + align - 1) / align) * align;
+  }
+
+  void
+  print(FILE* f) const
+  { this->print_function(f, "ALIGN"); }
+};
+
+extern "C" Expression*
+script_exp_function_align(Expression* left, Expression* right)
+{
+  return new Align_expression(left, right);
+}
+
+// ASSERT function.
+
+class Assert_expression : public Unary_expression
+{
+ public:
+  Assert_expression(Expression* arg, const char* message, size_t length)
+    : Unary_expression(arg), message_(message, length)
+  { }
+
+  uint64_t
+  value(const Expression_eval_info* eei)
+  {
+    uint64_t value = this->arg_value(eei, eei->result_section_pointer);
+    if (!value && eei->check_assertions)
+      gold_error("%s", this->message_.c_str());
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  void
+  print(FILE* f) const
+  {
+    fprintf(f, "ASSERT(");
+    this->arg_print(f);
+    fprintf(f, ", %s)", this->message_.c_str());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::string message_;
+};
+
+extern "C" Expression*
+script_exp_function_assert(Expression* expr, const char* message,
+                          size_t length)
+{
+  return new Assert_expression(expr, message, length);
+}
+
+// ADDR function.
+
+class Addr_expression : public Section_expression
+{
+ public:
+  Addr_expression(const char* section_name, size_t section_name_len)
+    : Section_expression(section_name, section_name_len)
+  { }
+
+ protected:
+  uint64_t
+  value_from_output_section(const Expression_eval_info* eei,
+                           Output_section* os)
+  {
+    *eei->result_section_pointer = os;
+    return os->address();
+  }
+
+  uint64_t
+  value_from_script_output_section(uint64_t address, uint64_t, uint64_t,
+                                   uint64_t)
+  { return address; }
+
+  const char*
+  function_name() const
+  { return "ADDR"; }
+};
+
+extern "C" Expression*
+script_exp_function_addr(const char* section_name, size_t section_name_len)
+{
+  return new Addr_expression(section_name, section_name_len);
+}
+
+// ALIGNOF.
+
+class Alignof_expression : public Section_expression
+{
+ public:
+  Alignof_expression(const char* section_name, size_t section_name_len)
+    : Section_expression(section_name, section_name_len)
+  { }
+
+ protected:
+  uint64_t
+  value_from_output_section(const Expression_eval_info*,
+                           Output_section* os)
+  { return os->addralign(); }
+
+  uint64_t
+  value_from_script_output_section(uint64_t, uint64_t, uint64_t addralign,
+                                   uint64_t)
+  { return addralign; }
+
+  const char*
+  function_name() const
+  { return "ALIGNOF"; }
+};
+
+extern "C" Expression*
+script_exp_function_alignof(const char* section_name, size_t section_name_len)
+{
+  return new Alignof_expression(section_name, section_name_len);
+}
+
+// CONSTANT.  It would be nice if we could simply evaluate this
+// immediately and return an Integer_expression, but unfortunately we
+// don't know the target.
+
+class Constant_expression : public Expression
+{
+ public:
+  Constant_expression(const char* name, size_t length);
+
+  uint64_t
+  value(const Expression_eval_info*);
+
+  void
+  print(FILE* f) const;
+
+ private:
+  enum Constant_function
+  {
+    CONSTANT_MAXPAGESIZE,
+    CONSTANT_COMMONPAGESIZE
+  };
+
+  Constant_function function_;
+};
+
+Constant_expression::Constant_expression(const char* name, size_t length)
+{
+  if (length == 11 && strncmp(name, "MAXPAGESIZE", length) == 0)
+    this->function_ = CONSTANT_MAXPAGESIZE;
+  else if (length == 14 && strncmp(name, "COMMONPAGESIZE", length) == 0)
+    this->function_ = CONSTANT_COMMONPAGESIZE;
+  else
+    {
+      std::string s(name, length);
+      gold_error(_("unknown constant %s"), s.c_str());
+      this->function_ = CONSTANT_MAXPAGESIZE;
+    }
+}
+
+uint64_t
+Constant_expression::value(const Expression_eval_info*)
+{
+  switch (this->function_)
+    {
+    case CONSTANT_MAXPAGESIZE:
+      return parameters->target().abi_pagesize();
+    case CONSTANT_COMMONPAGESIZE:
+      return parameters->target().common_pagesize();
+    default:
+      gold_unreachable();
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Constant_expression::print(FILE* f) const
+{
+  const char* name;
+  switch (this->function_)
+    {
+    case CONSTANT_MAXPAGESIZE:
+      name = "MAXPAGESIZE";
+      break;
+    case CONSTANT_COMMONPAGESIZE:
+      name = "COMMONPAGESIZE";
+      break;
+    default:
+      gold_unreachable();
+    }
+  fprintf(f, "CONSTANT(%s)", name);
+}
+  
+extern "C" Expression*
+script_exp_function_constant(const char* name, size_t length)
+{
+  return new Constant_expression(name, length);
+}
+
+// DATA_SEGMENT_ALIGN.  FIXME: we don't implement this; we always fall
+// back to the general case.
+
+extern "C" Expression*
+script_exp_function_data_segment_align(Expression* left, Expression*)
+{
+  Expression* e1 = script_exp_function_align(script_exp_string(".", 1), left);
+  Expression* e2 = script_exp_binary_sub(left, script_exp_integer(1));
+  Expression* e3 = script_exp_binary_bitwise_and(script_exp_string(".", 1),
+                                                e2);
+  return script_exp_binary_add(e1, e3);
+}
+
+// DATA_SEGMENT_RELRO.  FIXME: This is not implemented.
+
+extern "C" Expression*
+script_exp_function_data_segment_relro_end(Expression*, Expression* right)
+{
+  return right;
+}
+
+// DATA_SEGMENT_END.  FIXME: This is not implemented.
+
+extern "C" Expression*
+script_exp_function_data_segment_end(Expression* val)
+{
+  return val;
+}
+
+// DEFINED function.
+
+class Defined_expression : public Expression
+{
+ public:
+  Defined_expression(const char* symbol_name, size_t symbol_name_len)
+    : symbol_name_(symbol_name, symbol_name_len)
+  { }
+
+  uint64_t
+  value(const Expression_eval_info* eei)
+  {
+    Symbol* sym = eei->symtab->lookup(this->symbol_name_.c_str());
+    return sym != NULL && sym->is_defined();
+  }
+
+  void
+  print(FILE* f) const
+  { fprintf(f, "DEFINED(%s)", this->symbol_name_.c_str()); }
+
+ private:
+  std::string symbol_name_;
+};
+
+extern "C" Expression*
+script_exp_function_defined(const char* symbol_name, size_t symbol_name_len)
+{
+  return new Defined_expression(symbol_name, symbol_name_len);
+}
+
+// LOADADDR function
+
+class Loadaddr_expression : public Section_expression
+{
+ public:
+  Loadaddr_expression(const char* section_name, size_t section_name_len)
+    : Section_expression(section_name, section_name_len)
+  { }
+
+ protected:
+  uint64_t
+  value_from_output_section(const Expression_eval_info* eei,
+                           Output_section* os)
+  {
+    if (os->has_load_address())
+      return os->load_address();
+    else
+      {
+       *eei->result_section_pointer = os;
+       return os->address();
+      }
+  }
+
+  uint64_t
+  value_from_script_output_section(uint64_t, uint64_t load_address, uint64_t,
+                                   uint64_t)
+  { return load_address; }
+
+  const char*
+  function_name() const
+  { return "LOADADDR"; }
+};
+
+extern "C" Expression*
+script_exp_function_loadaddr(const char* section_name, size_t section_name_len)
+{
+  return new Loadaddr_expression(section_name, section_name_len);
+}
+
+// SIZEOF function
+
+class Sizeof_expression : public Section_expression
+{
+ public:
+  Sizeof_expression(const char* section_name, size_t section_name_len)
+    : Section_expression(section_name, section_name_len)
+  { }
+
+ protected:
+  uint64_t
+  value_from_output_section(const Expression_eval_info*,
+                           Output_section* os)
+  {
+    // We can not use data_size here, as the size of the section may
+    // not have been finalized.  Instead we get whatever the current
+    // size is.  This will work correctly for backward references in
+    // linker scripts.
+    return os->current_data_size();
+  }
+
+  uint64_t
+  value_from_script_output_section(uint64_t, uint64_t, uint64_t,
+                                   uint64_t size)
+  { return size; }
+
+  const char*
+  function_name() const
+  { return "SIZEOF"; }
+};
+
+extern "C" Expression*
+script_exp_function_sizeof(const char* section_name, size_t section_name_len)
+{
+  return new Sizeof_expression(section_name, section_name_len);
+}
+
+// SIZEOF_HEADERS.
+
+class Sizeof_headers_expression : public Expression
+{
+ public:
+  Sizeof_headers_expression()
+  { }
+
+  uint64_t
+  value(const Expression_eval_info*);
+
+  void
+  print(FILE* f) const
+  { fprintf(f, "SIZEOF_HEADERS"); }
+};
+
+uint64_t
+Sizeof_headers_expression::value(const Expression_eval_info* eei)
+{
+  unsigned int ehdr_size;
+  unsigned int phdr_size;
+  if (parameters->target().get_size() == 32)
+    {
+      ehdr_size = elfcpp::Elf_sizes<32>::ehdr_size;
+      phdr_size = elfcpp::Elf_sizes<32>::phdr_size;
+    }
+  else if (parameters->target().get_size() == 64)
+    {
+      ehdr_size = elfcpp::Elf_sizes<64>::ehdr_size;
+      phdr_size = elfcpp::Elf_sizes<64>::phdr_size;
+    }
+  else
+    gold_unreachable();
+
+  return ehdr_size + phdr_size * eei->layout->expected_segment_count();
+}
+
+extern "C" Expression*
+script_exp_function_sizeof_headers()
+{
+  return new Sizeof_headers_expression();
+}
+
+// In the GNU linker SEGMENT_START basically returns the value for
+// -Ttext, -Tdata, or -Tbss.  We could implement this by copying the
+// values from General_options to Parameters.  But I doubt that
+// anybody actually uses it.  The point of it for the GNU linker was
+// because -Ttext set the address of the .text section rather than the
+// text segment.  In gold -Ttext sets the text segment address anyhow.
+
+extern "C" Expression*
+script_exp_function_segment_start(const char*, size_t, Expression*)
+{
+  gold_fatal(_("SEGMENT_START not implemented"));
+}
+
+// Functions for memory regions.  These can not be implemented unless
+// and until we implement memory regions.
+
+extern "C" Expression*
+script_exp_function_origin(const char*, size_t)
+{
+  gold_fatal(_("ORIGIN not implemented"));
+}
+
+extern "C" Expression*
+script_exp_function_length(const char*, size_t)
+{
+  gold_fatal(_("LENGTH not implemented"));
+}
+
+} // End namespace gold.