-@c Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+@c Inc.
@c This is part of the GCC manual.
@c For copying conditions, see the file gcc.texi.
@node Standards
@chapter Language Standards Supported by GCC
+
+For each language compiled by GCC for which there is a standard, GCC
+attempts to follow one or more versions of that standard, possibly
+with some exceptions, and possibly with some extensions.
+
+@section C language
@cindex C standard
@cindex C standards
@cindex ANSI C standard
@cindex X3.159-1989
@cindex ISO C standard
@cindex ISO C
-@cindex ISO C89
@cindex ISO C90
@cindex ISO/IEC 9899
@cindex ISO 9899
@cindex Technical Corrigendum 1
@cindex TC2
@cindex Technical Corrigendum 2
+@cindex TC3
+@cindex Technical Corrigendum 3
@cindex AMD1
@cindex freestanding implementation
@cindex freestanding environment
@cindex hosted environment
@findex __STDC_HOSTED__
-For each language compiled by GCC for which there is a standard, GCC
-attempts to follow one or more versions of that standard, possibly
-with some exceptions, and possibly with some extensions.
-
GCC supports three versions of the C standard, although support for
the most recent version is not yet complete.
A new edition of the ISO C standard was published in 1999 as ISO/IEC
9899:1999, and is commonly known as @dfn{C99}. GCC has incomplete
support for this standard version; see
-@uref{http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-3.1/c99status.html} for details. To select this
+@uref{http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.4/c99status.html} for details. To select this
standard, use @option{-std=c99} or @option{-std=iso9899:1999}. (While in
development, drafts of this standard version were referred to as
@dfn{C9X}.)
-Errors in the 1999 ISO C standard were corrected in a Technical
-Corrigendum published in 2001. GCC does not support the uncorrected
-version.
-
-@opindex traditional
-GCC also has some limited support for traditional (pre-ISO) C with the
-@option{-traditional} option. This support may be of use for compiling
-some very old programs that have not been updated to ISO C, but should
-not be used for new programs. It will not work with some modern C
-libraries such as the GNU C library.
+Errors in the 1999 ISO C standard were corrected in three Technical
+Corrigenda published in 2001, 2004 and 2007. GCC does not support the
+uncorrected version.
By default, GCC provides some extensions to the C language that on
rare occasions conflict with the C standard. @xref{C
Most of the compiler support routines used by GCC are present in
@file{libgcc}, but there are a few exceptions. GCC requires the
freestanding environment provide @code{memcpy}, @code{memmove},
-@code{memset} and @code{memcmp}. Some older ports of GCC are
-configured to use the BSD @code{bcopy}, @code{bzero} and @code{bcmp}
-functions instead, but this is deprecated for new ports.
-Finally, if @code{__builtin_trap} is used, and the target does
+@code{memset} and @code{memcmp}.
+Finally, if @code{__builtin_trap} is used, and the target does
not implement the @code{trap} pattern, then GCC will emit a call
to @code{abort}.
information concerning the history of C that is available online, see
@uref{http://gcc.gnu.org/readings.html}
-@c FIXME: details of C++ standard.
+@section C++ language
+
+GCC supports the ISO C++ standard (1998) and contains experimental
+support for the upcoming ISO C++ standard (200x).
+
+The original ISO C++ standard was published as the ISO standard (ISO/IEC
+14882:1998) and amended by a Technical Corrigenda published in 2003
+(ISO/IEC 14882:2003). These standards are referred to as C++98 and
+C++03, respectively. GCC implements the majority of C++98 (@code{export}
+is a notable exception) and most of the changes in C++03. To select
+this standard in GCC, use one of the options @option{-ansi} or
+@option{-std=c++98}; to obtain all the diagnostics required by the
+standard, you should also specify @option{-pedantic} (or
+@option{-pedantic-errors} if you want them to be errors rather than
+warnings).
+
+The ISO C++ committee is working on a new ISO C++ standard, dubbed
+C++0x, that is intended to be published by 2009. C++0x contains several
+changes to the C++ language, some of which have been implemented in an
+experimental C++0x mode in GCC@. The C++0x mode in GCC tracks the draft
+working paper for the C++0x standard; the latest working paper is
+available on the ISO C++ committee's web site at
+@uref{http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/}. For information
+regarding the C++0x features available in the experimental C++0x mode,
+see @uref{http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.3/cxx0x_status.html}. To select this
+standard in GCC, use the option @option{-std=c++0x}; to obtain all the
+diagnostics required by the standard, you should also specify
+@option{-pedantic} (or @option{-pedantic-errors} if you want them to be
+errors rather than warnings).
-There is no formal written standard for Objective-C@. The most
+By default, GCC provides some extensions to the C++ language; @xref{C++
+Dialect Options,Options Controlling C++ Dialect}. Use of the
+@option{-std} option listed above will disable these extensions. You
+may also select an extended version of the C++ language explicitly with
+@option{-std=gnu++98} (for C++98 with GNU extensions) or
+@option{-std=gnu++0x} (for C++0x with GNU extensions). The default, if
+no C++ language dialect options are given, is @option{-std=gnu++98}.
+
+@section Objective-C and Objective-C++ languages
+@cindex Objective-C
+@cindex Objective-C++
+
+There is no formal written standard for Objective-C or Objective-C++@. The most
authoritative manual is ``Object-Oriented Programming and the
-Objective-C Language'', available at a number of web sites
+Objective-C Language'', available at a number of web sites:
@itemize
@item
-@uref{http://developer.apple.com/techpubs/macosx/Cocoa/ObjectiveC/}
-is a recent version
+@uref{http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/ObjectiveC/}
+is a recent (and periodically updated) version;
@item
@uref{http://www.toodarkpark.org/computers/objc/}
-is an older example
+is an older example;
@item
@uref{http://www.gnustep.org}
-has additional useful information
+and
+@uref{http://gcc.gnu.org/readings.html}
+have additional useful information.
@end itemize
@xref{Top, GNAT Reference Manual, About This Guide, gnat_rm,
GNAT Reference Manual}, for information on standard
conformance and compatibility of the Ada compiler.
-@xref{Language,,The GNU Fortran Language, g77, Using and Porting GNU
-Fortran}, for details of the Fortran language supported by GCC@.
+@xref{Standards,,Standards, gfortran, The GNU Fortran Compiler}, for details
+of standards supported by GNU Fortran.
@xref{Compatibility,,Compatibility with the Java Platform, gcj, GNU gcj},
-for details of compatibility between @code{gcj} and the Java Platform.
+for details of compatibility between @command{gcj} and the Java Platform.
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