]> oss.titaniummirror.com Git - msp430-gcc.git/blobdiff - libgcc/config/libbid/bid_inline_add.h
Imported gcc-4.4.3
[msp430-gcc.git] / libgcc / config / libbid / bid_inline_add.h
diff --git a/libgcc/config/libbid/bid_inline_add.h b/libgcc/config/libbid/bid_inline_add.h
new file mode 100644 (file)
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--- /dev/null
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+/* Copyright (C) 2007, 2009  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+This file is part of GCC.
+
+GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
+version.
+
+GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+for more details.
+
+Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
+permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
+3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
+a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
+see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
+<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ *
+ *    Helper add functions (for fma)
+ *
+ *    __BID_INLINE__ UINT64 get_add64(
+ *        UINT64 sign_x, int exponent_x, UINT64 coefficient_x, 
+ *        UINT64 sign_y, int exponent_y, UINT64 coefficient_y, 
+ *                                      int rounding_mode)
+ *
+ *   __BID_INLINE__ UINT64 get_add128(
+ *                       UINT64 sign_x, int exponent_x, UINT64 coefficient_x, 
+ *                       UINT64 sign_y, int final_exponent_y, UINT128 CY, 
+ *                       int extra_digits, int rounding_mode)
+ *
+ *****************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Algorithm description:
+ *
+ *  get_add64:  same as BID64 add, but arguments are unpacked and there 
+ *                                 are no special case checks
+ *
+ *  get_add128: add 64-bit coefficient to 128-bit product (which contains 
+ *                                        16+extra_digits decimal digits), 
+ *                         return BID64 result
+ *              - the exponents are compared and the two coefficients are 
+ *                properly aligned for addition/subtraction
+ *              - multiple paths are needed
+ *              - final result exponent is calculated and the lower term is
+ *                      rounded first if necessary, to avoid manipulating 
+ *                      coefficients longer than 128 bits 
+ *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef _INLINE_BID_ADD_H_
+#define _INLINE_BID_ADD_H_
+
+#include "bid_internal.h"
+
+#define MAX_FORMAT_DIGITS     16
+#define DECIMAL_EXPONENT_BIAS 398
+#define MASK_BINARY_EXPONENT  0x7ff0000000000000ull
+#define BINARY_EXPONENT_BIAS  0x3ff
+#define UPPER_EXPON_LIMIT     51
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// get_add64() is essentially the same as bid_add(), except that 
+//             the arguments are unpacked
+//
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__BID_INLINE__ UINT64
+get_add64 (UINT64 sign_x, int exponent_x, UINT64 coefficient_x,
+          UINT64 sign_y, int exponent_y, UINT64 coefficient_y,
+          int rounding_mode, unsigned *fpsc) {
+  UINT128 CA, CT, CT_new;
+  UINT64 sign_a, sign_b, coefficient_a, coefficient_b, sign_s, sign_ab,
+    rem_a;
+  UINT64 saved_ca, saved_cb, C0_64, C64, remainder_h, T1, carry, tmp,
+    C64_new;
+  int_double tempx;
+  int exponent_a, exponent_b, diff_dec_expon;
+  int bin_expon_ca, extra_digits, amount, scale_k, scale_ca;
+  unsigned rmode, status;
+
+  // sort arguments by exponent
+  if (exponent_x <= exponent_y) {
+    sign_a = sign_y;
+    exponent_a = exponent_y;
+    coefficient_a = coefficient_y;
+    sign_b = sign_x;
+    exponent_b = exponent_x;
+    coefficient_b = coefficient_x;
+  } else {
+    sign_a = sign_x;
+    exponent_a = exponent_x;
+    coefficient_a = coefficient_x;
+    sign_b = sign_y;
+    exponent_b = exponent_y;
+    coefficient_b = coefficient_y;
+  }
+
+  // exponent difference
+  diff_dec_expon = exponent_a - exponent_b;
+
+  /* get binary coefficients of x and y */
+
+  //--- get number of bits in the coefficients of x and y ---
+
+  tempx.d = (double) coefficient_a;
+  bin_expon_ca = ((tempx.i & MASK_BINARY_EXPONENT) >> 52) - 0x3ff;
+
+  if (!coefficient_a) {
+    return get_BID64 (sign_b, exponent_b, coefficient_b, rounding_mode,
+                     fpsc);
+  }
+  if (diff_dec_expon > MAX_FORMAT_DIGITS) {
+    // normalize a to a 16-digit coefficient
+
+    scale_ca = estimate_decimal_digits[bin_expon_ca];
+    if (coefficient_a >= power10_table_128[scale_ca].w[0])
+      scale_ca++;
+
+    scale_k = 16 - scale_ca;
+
+    coefficient_a *= power10_table_128[scale_k].w[0];
+
+    diff_dec_expon -= scale_k;
+    exponent_a -= scale_k;
+
+    /* get binary coefficients of x and y */
+
+    //--- get number of bits in the coefficients of x and y ---
+    tempx.d = (double) coefficient_a;
+    bin_expon_ca = ((tempx.i & MASK_BINARY_EXPONENT) >> 52) - 0x3ff;
+
+    if (diff_dec_expon > MAX_FORMAT_DIGITS) {
+#ifdef SET_STATUS_FLAGS
+      if (coefficient_b) {
+       __set_status_flags (fpsc, INEXACT_EXCEPTION);
+      }
+#endif
+
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST_TIES_AWAY
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST
+      if (((rounding_mode) & 3) && coefficient_b)      // not ROUNDING_TO_NEAREST
+      {
+       switch (rounding_mode) {
+       case ROUNDING_DOWN:
+         if (sign_b) {
+           coefficient_a -= ((((SINT64) sign_a) >> 63) | 1);
+           if (coefficient_a < 1000000000000000ull) {
+             exponent_a--;
+             coefficient_a = 9999999999999999ull;
+           } else if (coefficient_a >= 10000000000000000ull) {
+             exponent_a++;
+             coefficient_a = 1000000000000000ull;
+           }
+         }
+         break;
+       case ROUNDING_UP:
+         if (!sign_b) {
+           coefficient_a += ((((SINT64) sign_a) >> 63) | 1);
+           if (coefficient_a < 1000000000000000ull) {
+             exponent_a--;
+             coefficient_a = 9999999999999999ull;
+           } else if (coefficient_a >= 10000000000000000ull) {
+             exponent_a++;
+             coefficient_a = 1000000000000000ull;
+           }
+         }
+         break;
+       default:        // RZ
+         if (sign_a != sign_b) {
+           coefficient_a--;
+           if (coefficient_a < 1000000000000000ull) {
+             exponent_a--;
+             coefficient_a = 9999999999999999ull;
+           }
+         }
+         break;
+       }
+      } else
+#endif
+#endif
+       // check special case here
+       if ((coefficient_a == 1000000000000000ull)
+           && (diff_dec_expon == MAX_FORMAT_DIGITS + 1)
+           && (sign_a ^ sign_b)
+           && (coefficient_b > 5000000000000000ull)) {
+       coefficient_a = 9999999999999999ull;
+       exponent_a--;
+      }
+
+      return get_BID64 (sign_a, exponent_a, coefficient_a,
+                       rounding_mode, fpsc);
+    }
+  }
+  // test whether coefficient_a*10^(exponent_a-exponent_b)  may exceed 2^62
+  if (bin_expon_ca + estimate_bin_expon[diff_dec_expon] < 60) {
+    // coefficient_a*10^(exponent_a-exponent_b)<2^63
+
+    // multiply by 10^(exponent_a-exponent_b)
+    coefficient_a *= power10_table_128[diff_dec_expon].w[0];
+
+    // sign mask
+    sign_b = ((SINT64) sign_b) >> 63;
+    // apply sign to coeff. of b
+    coefficient_b = (coefficient_b + sign_b) ^ sign_b;
+
+    // apply sign to coefficient a
+    sign_a = ((SINT64) sign_a) >> 63;
+    coefficient_a = (coefficient_a + sign_a) ^ sign_a;
+
+    coefficient_a += coefficient_b;
+    // get sign
+    sign_s = ((SINT64) coefficient_a) >> 63;
+    coefficient_a = (coefficient_a + sign_s) ^ sign_s;
+    sign_s &= 0x8000000000000000ull;
+
+    // coefficient_a < 10^16 ?
+    if (coefficient_a < power10_table_128[MAX_FORMAT_DIGITS].w[0]) {
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST_TIES_AWAY
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST
+      if (rounding_mode == ROUNDING_DOWN && (!coefficient_a)
+         && sign_a != sign_b)
+       sign_s = 0x8000000000000000ull;
+#endif
+#endif
+      return get_BID64 (sign_s, exponent_b, coefficient_a,
+                       rounding_mode, fpsc);
+    }
+    // otherwise rounding is necessary
+
+    // already know coefficient_a<10^19
+    // coefficient_a < 10^17 ?
+    if (coefficient_a < power10_table_128[17].w[0])
+      extra_digits = 1;
+    else if (coefficient_a < power10_table_128[18].w[0])
+      extra_digits = 2;
+    else
+      extra_digits = 3;
+
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST_TIES_AWAY
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST
+    rmode = rounding_mode;
+    if (sign_s && (unsigned) (rmode - 1) < 2)
+      rmode = 3 - rmode;
+#else
+    rmode = 0;
+#endif
+#else
+    rmode = 0;
+#endif
+    coefficient_a += round_const_table[rmode][extra_digits];
+
+    // get P*(2^M[extra_digits])/10^extra_digits
+    __mul_64x64_to_128 (CT, coefficient_a,
+                       reciprocals10_64[extra_digits]);
+
+    // now get P/10^extra_digits: shift C64 right by M[extra_digits]-128
+    amount = short_recip_scale[extra_digits];
+    C64 = CT.w[1] >> amount;
+
+  } else {
+    // coefficient_a*10^(exponent_a-exponent_b) is large
+    sign_s = sign_a;
+
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST_TIES_AWAY
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST
+    rmode = rounding_mode;
+    if (sign_s && (unsigned) (rmode - 1) < 2)
+      rmode = 3 - rmode;
+#else
+    rmode = 0;
+#endif
+#else
+    rmode = 0;
+#endif
+
+    // check whether we can take faster path
+    scale_ca = estimate_decimal_digits[bin_expon_ca];
+
+    sign_ab = sign_a ^ sign_b;
+    sign_ab = ((SINT64) sign_ab) >> 63;
+
+    // T1 = 10^(16-diff_dec_expon)
+    T1 = power10_table_128[16 - diff_dec_expon].w[0];
+
+    // get number of digits in coefficient_a
+    //P_ca = power10_table_128[scale_ca].w[0];
+    //P_ca_m1 = power10_table_128[scale_ca-1].w[0];
+    if (coefficient_a >= power10_table_128[scale_ca].w[0]) {
+      scale_ca++;
+      //P_ca_m1 = P_ca;
+      //P_ca = power10_table_128[scale_ca].w[0];
+    }
+
+    scale_k = 16 - scale_ca;
+
+    // apply sign
+    //Ts = (T1 + sign_ab) ^ sign_ab;
+
+    // test range of ca
+    //X = coefficient_a + Ts - P_ca_m1;
+
+    // addition
+    saved_ca = coefficient_a - T1;
+    coefficient_a =
+      (SINT64) saved_ca *(SINT64) power10_table_128[scale_k].w[0];
+    extra_digits = diff_dec_expon - scale_k;
+
+    // apply sign
+    saved_cb = (coefficient_b + sign_ab) ^ sign_ab;
+    // add 10^16 and rounding constant
+    coefficient_b =
+      saved_cb + 10000000000000000ull +
+      round_const_table[rmode][extra_digits];
+
+    // get P*(2^M[extra_digits])/10^extra_digits
+    __mul_64x64_to_128 (CT, coefficient_b,
+                       reciprocals10_64[extra_digits]);
+
+    // now get P/10^extra_digits: shift C64 right by M[extra_digits]-128
+    amount = short_recip_scale[extra_digits];
+    C0_64 = CT.w[1] >> amount;
+
+    // result coefficient 
+    C64 = C0_64 + coefficient_a;
+    // filter out difficult (corner) cases
+    // the following test is equivalent to 
+    // ( (initial_coefficient_a + Ts) < P_ca && 
+    //     (initial_coefficient_a + Ts) > P_ca_m1 ), 
+    // which ensures the number of digits in coefficient_a does not change 
+    // after adding (the appropriately scaled and rounded) coefficient_b
+    if ((UINT64) (C64 - 1000000000000000ull - 1) >
+       9000000000000000ull - 2) {
+      if (C64 >= 10000000000000000ull) {
+       // result has more than 16 digits
+       if (!scale_k) {
+         // must divide coeff_a by 10
+         saved_ca = saved_ca + T1;
+         __mul_64x64_to_128 (CA, saved_ca, 0x3333333333333334ull);
+         //reciprocals10_64[1]);
+         coefficient_a = CA.w[1] >> 1;
+         rem_a =
+           saved_ca - (coefficient_a << 3) - (coefficient_a << 1);
+         coefficient_a = coefficient_a - T1;
+
+         saved_cb +=
+           /*90000000000000000 */ +rem_a *
+           power10_table_128[diff_dec_expon].w[0];
+       } else
+         coefficient_a =
+           (SINT64) (saved_ca - T1 -
+                     (T1 << 3)) * (SINT64) power10_table_128[scale_k -
+                                                             1].w[0];
+
+       extra_digits++;
+       coefficient_b =
+         saved_cb + 100000000000000000ull +
+         round_const_table[rmode][extra_digits];
+
+       // get P*(2^M[extra_digits])/10^extra_digits
+       __mul_64x64_to_128 (CT, coefficient_b,
+                           reciprocals10_64[extra_digits]);
+
+       // now get P/10^extra_digits: shift C64 right by M[extra_digits]-128
+       amount = short_recip_scale[extra_digits];
+       C0_64 = CT.w[1] >> amount;
+
+       // result coefficient 
+       C64 = C0_64 + coefficient_a;
+      } else if (C64 <= 1000000000000000ull) {
+       // less than 16 digits in result
+       coefficient_a =
+         (SINT64) saved_ca *(SINT64) power10_table_128[scale_k +
+                                                       1].w[0];
+       //extra_digits --;
+       exponent_b--;
+       coefficient_b =
+         (saved_cb << 3) + (saved_cb << 1) + 100000000000000000ull +
+         round_const_table[rmode][extra_digits];
+
+       // get P*(2^M[extra_digits])/10^extra_digits
+       __mul_64x64_to_128 (CT_new, coefficient_b,
+                           reciprocals10_64[extra_digits]);
+
+       // now get P/10^extra_digits: shift C64 right by M[extra_digits]-128
+       amount = short_recip_scale[extra_digits];
+       C0_64 = CT_new.w[1] >> amount;
+
+       // result coefficient 
+       C64_new = C0_64 + coefficient_a;
+       if (C64_new < 10000000000000000ull) {
+         C64 = C64_new;
+#ifdef SET_STATUS_FLAGS
+         CT = CT_new;
+#endif
+       } else
+         exponent_b++;
+      }
+
+    }
+
+  }
+
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST_TIES_AWAY
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST
+  if (rmode == 0)      //ROUNDING_TO_NEAREST
+#endif
+    if (C64 & 1) {
+      // check whether fractional part of initial_P/10^extra_digits 
+      // is exactly .5
+      // this is the same as fractional part of 
+      //      (initial_P + 0.5*10^extra_digits)/10^extra_digits is exactly zero
+
+      // get remainder
+      remainder_h = CT.w[1] << (64 - amount);
+
+      // test whether fractional part is 0
+      if (!remainder_h && (CT.w[0] < reciprocals10_64[extra_digits])) {
+       C64--;
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SET_STATUS_FLAGS
+  status = INEXACT_EXCEPTION;
+
+  // get remainder
+  remainder_h = CT.w[1] << (64 - amount);
+
+  switch (rmode) {
+  case ROUNDING_TO_NEAREST:
+  case ROUNDING_TIES_AWAY:
+    // test whether fractional part is 0
+    if ((remainder_h == 0x8000000000000000ull)
+       && (CT.w[0] < reciprocals10_64[extra_digits]))
+      status = EXACT_STATUS;
+    break;
+  case ROUNDING_DOWN:
+  case ROUNDING_TO_ZERO:
+    if (!remainder_h && (CT.w[0] < reciprocals10_64[extra_digits]))
+      status = EXACT_STATUS;
+    break;
+  default:
+    // round up
+    __add_carry_out (tmp, carry, CT.w[0],
+                    reciprocals10_64[extra_digits]);
+    if ((remainder_h >> (64 - amount)) + carry >=
+       (((UINT64) 1) << amount))
+      status = EXACT_STATUS;
+    break;
+  }
+  __set_status_flags (fpsc, status);
+
+#endif
+
+  return get_BID64 (sign_s, exponent_b + extra_digits, C64,
+                   rounding_mode, fpsc);
+}
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// round 128-bit coefficient and return result in BID64 format
+// do not worry about midpoint cases
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+static UINT64
+__bid_simple_round64_sticky (UINT64 sign, int exponent, UINT128 P,
+                            int extra_digits, int rounding_mode,
+                            unsigned *fpsc) {
+  UINT128 Q_high, Q_low, C128;
+  UINT64 C64;
+  int amount, rmode;
+
+  rmode = rounding_mode;
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST_TIES_AWAY
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST
+  if (sign && (unsigned) (rmode - 1) < 2)
+    rmode = 3 - rmode;
+#endif
+#endif
+  __add_128_64 (P, P, round_const_table[rmode][extra_digits]);
+
+  // get P*(2^M[extra_digits])/10^extra_digits
+  __mul_128x128_full (Q_high, Q_low, P,
+                     reciprocals10_128[extra_digits]);
+
+  // now get P/10^extra_digits: shift Q_high right by M[extra_digits]-128
+  amount = recip_scale[extra_digits];
+  __shr_128 (C128, Q_high, amount);
+
+  C64 = __low_64 (C128);
+
+#ifdef SET_STATUS_FLAGS
+
+  __set_status_flags (fpsc, INEXACT_EXCEPTION);
+
+#endif
+
+  return get_BID64 (sign, exponent, C64, rounding_mode, fpsc);
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// round 128-bit coefficient and return result in BID64 format
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+static UINT64
+__bid_full_round64 (UINT64 sign, int exponent, UINT128 P,
+                   int extra_digits, int rounding_mode,
+                   unsigned *fpsc) {
+  UINT128 Q_high, Q_low, C128, Stemp, PU;
+  UINT64 remainder_h, C64, carry, CY;
+  int amount, amount2, rmode, status = 0;
+
+  if (exponent < 0) {
+    if (exponent >= -16 && (extra_digits + exponent < 0)) {
+      extra_digits = -exponent;
+#ifdef SET_STATUS_FLAGS
+      if (extra_digits > 0) {
+       rmode = rounding_mode;
+       if (sign && (unsigned) (rmode - 1) < 2)
+         rmode = 3 - rmode;
+       __add_128_128 (PU, P,
+                      round_const_table_128[rmode][extra_digits]);
+       if (__unsigned_compare_gt_128
+           (power10_table_128[extra_digits + 15], PU))
+         status = UNDERFLOW_EXCEPTION;
+      }
+#endif
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (extra_digits > 0) {
+    exponent += extra_digits;
+    rmode = rounding_mode;
+    if (sign && (unsigned) (rmode - 1) < 2)
+      rmode = 3 - rmode;
+    __add_128_128 (P, P, round_const_table_128[rmode][extra_digits]);
+
+    // get P*(2^M[extra_digits])/10^extra_digits
+    __mul_128x128_full (Q_high, Q_low, P,
+                       reciprocals10_128[extra_digits]);
+
+    // now get P/10^extra_digits: shift Q_high right by M[extra_digits]-128
+    amount = recip_scale[extra_digits];
+    __shr_128_long (C128, Q_high, amount);
+
+    C64 = __low_64 (C128);
+
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST_TIES_AWAY
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST
+    if (rmode == 0)    //ROUNDING_TO_NEAREST
+#endif
+      if (C64 & 1) {
+       // check whether fractional part of initial_P/10^extra_digits 
+       // is exactly .5
+
+       // get remainder
+       amount2 = 64 - amount;
+       remainder_h = 0;
+       remainder_h--;
+       remainder_h >>= amount2;
+       remainder_h = remainder_h & Q_high.w[0];
+
+       if (!remainder_h
+           && (Q_low.w[1] < reciprocals10_128[extra_digits].w[1]
+               || (Q_low.w[1] == reciprocals10_128[extra_digits].w[1]
+                   && Q_low.w[0] <
+                   reciprocals10_128[extra_digits].w[0]))) {
+         C64--;
+       }
+      }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SET_STATUS_FLAGS
+    status |= INEXACT_EXCEPTION;
+
+    // get remainder
+    remainder_h = Q_high.w[0] << (64 - amount);
+
+    switch (rmode) {
+    case ROUNDING_TO_NEAREST:
+    case ROUNDING_TIES_AWAY:
+      // test whether fractional part is 0
+      if (remainder_h == 0x8000000000000000ull
+         && (Q_low.w[1] < reciprocals10_128[extra_digits].w[1]
+             || (Q_low.w[1] == reciprocals10_128[extra_digits].w[1]
+                 && Q_low.w[0] <
+                 reciprocals10_128[extra_digits].w[0])))
+       status = EXACT_STATUS;
+      break;
+    case ROUNDING_DOWN:
+    case ROUNDING_TO_ZERO:
+      if (!remainder_h
+         && (Q_low.w[1] < reciprocals10_128[extra_digits].w[1]
+             || (Q_low.w[1] == reciprocals10_128[extra_digits].w[1]
+                 && Q_low.w[0] <
+                 reciprocals10_128[extra_digits].w[0])))
+       status = EXACT_STATUS;
+      break;
+    default:
+      // round up
+      __add_carry_out (Stemp.w[0], CY, Q_low.w[0],
+                      reciprocals10_128[extra_digits].w[0]);
+      __add_carry_in_out (Stemp.w[1], carry, Q_low.w[1],
+                         reciprocals10_128[extra_digits].w[1], CY);
+      if ((remainder_h >> (64 - amount)) + carry >=
+         (((UINT64) 1) << amount))
+       status = EXACT_STATUS;
+    }
+
+    __set_status_flags (fpsc, status);
+
+#endif
+  } else {
+    C64 = P.w[0];
+    if (!C64) {
+      sign = 0;
+      if (rounding_mode == ROUNDING_DOWN)
+       sign = 0x8000000000000000ull;
+    }
+  }
+  return get_BID64 (sign, exponent, C64, rounding_mode, fpsc);
+}
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// round 192-bit coefficient (P, remainder_P) and return result in BID64 format
+// the lowest 64 bits (remainder_P) are used for midpoint checking only
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+static UINT64
+__bid_full_round64_remainder (UINT64 sign, int exponent, UINT128 P,
+                             int extra_digits, UINT64 remainder_P,
+                             int rounding_mode, unsigned *fpsc,
+                             unsigned uf_status) {
+  UINT128 Q_high, Q_low, C128, Stemp;
+  UINT64 remainder_h, C64, carry, CY;
+  int amount, amount2, rmode, status = uf_status;
+
+  rmode = rounding_mode;
+  if (sign && (unsigned) (rmode - 1) < 2)
+    rmode = 3 - rmode;
+  if (rmode == ROUNDING_UP && remainder_P) {
+    P.w[0]++;
+    if (!P.w[0])
+      P.w[1]++;
+  }
+
+  if (extra_digits) {
+    __add_128_64 (P, P, round_const_table[rmode][extra_digits]);
+
+    // get P*(2^M[extra_digits])/10^extra_digits
+    __mul_128x128_full (Q_high, Q_low, P,
+                       reciprocals10_128[extra_digits]);
+
+    // now get P/10^extra_digits: shift Q_high right by M[extra_digits]-128
+    amount = recip_scale[extra_digits];
+    __shr_128 (C128, Q_high, amount);
+
+    C64 = __low_64 (C128);
+
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST_TIES_AWAY
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST
+    if (rmode == 0)    //ROUNDING_TO_NEAREST
+#endif
+      if (!remainder_P && (C64 & 1)) {
+       // check whether fractional part of initial_P/10^extra_digits 
+       // is exactly .5
+
+       // get remainder
+       amount2 = 64 - amount;
+       remainder_h = 0;
+       remainder_h--;
+       remainder_h >>= amount2;
+       remainder_h = remainder_h & Q_high.w[0];
+
+       if (!remainder_h
+           && (Q_low.w[1] < reciprocals10_128[extra_digits].w[1]
+               || (Q_low.w[1] == reciprocals10_128[extra_digits].w[1]
+                   && Q_low.w[0] <
+                   reciprocals10_128[extra_digits].w[0]))) {
+         C64--;
+       }
+      }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SET_STATUS_FLAGS
+    status |= INEXACT_EXCEPTION;
+
+    if (!remainder_P) {
+      // get remainder
+      remainder_h = Q_high.w[0] << (64 - amount);
+
+      switch (rmode) {
+      case ROUNDING_TO_NEAREST:
+      case ROUNDING_TIES_AWAY:
+       // test whether fractional part is 0
+       if (remainder_h == 0x8000000000000000ull
+           && (Q_low.w[1] < reciprocals10_128[extra_digits].w[1]
+               || (Q_low.w[1] == reciprocals10_128[extra_digits].w[1]
+                   && Q_low.w[0] <
+                   reciprocals10_128[extra_digits].w[0])))
+         status = EXACT_STATUS;
+       break;
+      case ROUNDING_DOWN:
+      case ROUNDING_TO_ZERO:
+       if (!remainder_h
+           && (Q_low.w[1] < reciprocals10_128[extra_digits].w[1]
+               || (Q_low.w[1] == reciprocals10_128[extra_digits].w[1]
+                   && Q_low.w[0] <
+                   reciprocals10_128[extra_digits].w[0])))
+         status = EXACT_STATUS;
+       break;
+      default:
+       // round up
+       __add_carry_out (Stemp.w[0], CY, Q_low.w[0],
+                        reciprocals10_128[extra_digits].w[0]);
+       __add_carry_in_out (Stemp.w[1], carry, Q_low.w[1],
+                           reciprocals10_128[extra_digits].w[1], CY);
+       if ((remainder_h >> (64 - amount)) + carry >=
+           (((UINT64) 1) << amount))
+         status = EXACT_STATUS;
+      }
+    }
+    __set_status_flags (fpsc, status);
+
+#endif
+  } else {
+    C64 = P.w[0];
+#ifdef SET_STATUS_FLAGS
+    if (remainder_P) {
+      __set_status_flags (fpsc, uf_status | INEXACT_EXCEPTION);
+    }
+#endif
+  }
+
+  return get_BID64 (sign, exponent + extra_digits, C64, rounding_mode,
+                   fpsc);
+}
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// get P/10^extra_digits
+// result fits in 64 bits
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__BID_INLINE__ UINT64
+__truncate (UINT128 P, int extra_digits)
+// extra_digits <= 16
+{
+  UINT128 Q_high, Q_low, C128;
+  UINT64 C64;
+  int amount;
+
+  // get P*(2^M[extra_digits])/10^extra_digits
+  __mul_128x128_full (Q_high, Q_low, P,
+                     reciprocals10_128[extra_digits]);
+
+  // now get P/10^extra_digits: shift Q_high right by M[extra_digits]-128
+  amount = recip_scale[extra_digits];
+  __shr_128 (C128, Q_high, amount);
+
+  C64 = __low_64 (C128);
+
+  return C64;
+}
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// return number of decimal digits in 128-bit value X
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__BID_INLINE__ int
+__get_dec_digits64 (UINT128 X) {
+  int_double tempx;
+  int digits_x, bin_expon_cx;
+
+  if (!X.w[1]) {
+    //--- get number of bits in the coefficients of x and y ---
+    tempx.d = (double) X.w[0];
+    bin_expon_cx = ((tempx.i & MASK_BINARY_EXPONENT) >> 52) - 0x3ff;
+    // get number of decimal digits in the coeff_x
+    digits_x = estimate_decimal_digits[bin_expon_cx];
+    if (X.w[0] >= power10_table_128[digits_x].w[0])
+      digits_x++;
+    return digits_x;
+  }
+  tempx.d = (double) X.w[1];
+  bin_expon_cx = ((tempx.i & MASK_BINARY_EXPONENT) >> 52) - 0x3ff;
+  // get number of decimal digits in the coeff_x
+  digits_x = estimate_decimal_digits[bin_expon_cx + 64];
+  if (__unsigned_compare_ge_128 (X, power10_table_128[digits_x]))
+    digits_x++;
+
+  return digits_x;
+}
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// add 64-bit coefficient to 128-bit coefficient, return result in BID64 format
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__BID_INLINE__ UINT64
+get_add128 (UINT64 sign_x, int exponent_x, UINT64 coefficient_x,
+           UINT64 sign_y, int final_exponent_y, UINT128 CY,
+           int extra_digits, int rounding_mode, unsigned *fpsc) {
+  UINT128 CY_L, CX, FS, F, CT, ST, T2;
+  UINT64 CYh, CY0L, T, S, coefficient_y, remainder_y;
+  SINT64 D = 0;
+  int_double tempx;
+  int diff_dec_expon, extra_digits2, exponent_y, status;
+  int extra_dx, diff_dec2, bin_expon_cx, digits_x, rmode;
+
+  // CY has more than 16 decimal digits
+
+  exponent_y = final_exponent_y - extra_digits;
+
+#ifdef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST_TIES_AWAY
+  rounding_mode = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST
+  rounding_mode = 0;
+#endif
+
+  if (exponent_x > exponent_y) {
+    // normalize x
+    //--- get number of bits in the coefficients of x and y ---
+    tempx.d = (double) coefficient_x;
+    bin_expon_cx = ((tempx.i & MASK_BINARY_EXPONENT) >> 52) - 0x3ff;
+    // get number of decimal digits in the coeff_x
+    digits_x = estimate_decimal_digits[bin_expon_cx];
+    if (coefficient_x >= power10_table_128[digits_x].w[0])
+      digits_x++;
+
+    extra_dx = 16 - digits_x;
+    coefficient_x *= power10_table_128[extra_dx].w[0];
+    if ((sign_x ^ sign_y) && (coefficient_x == 1000000000000000ull)) {
+      extra_dx++;
+      coefficient_x = 10000000000000000ull;
+    }
+    exponent_x -= extra_dx;
+
+    if (exponent_x > exponent_y) {
+
+      // exponent_x > exponent_y
+      diff_dec_expon = exponent_x - exponent_y;
+
+      if (exponent_x <= final_exponent_y + 1) {
+       __mul_64x64_to_128 (CX, coefficient_x,
+                           power10_table_128[diff_dec_expon].w[0]);
+
+       if (sign_x == sign_y) {
+         __add_128_128 (CT, CY, CX);
+         if ((exponent_x >
+              final_exponent_y) /*&& (final_exponent_y>0) */ )
+           extra_digits++;
+         if (__unsigned_compare_ge_128
+             (CT, power10_table_128[16 + extra_digits]))
+           extra_digits++;
+       } else {
+         __sub_128_128 (CT, CY, CX);
+         if (((SINT64) CT.w[1]) < 0) {
+           CT.w[0] = 0 - CT.w[0];
+           CT.w[1] = 0 - CT.w[1];
+           if (CT.w[0])
+             CT.w[1]--;
+           sign_y = sign_x;
+         } else if (!(CT.w[1] | CT.w[0])) {
+           sign_y =
+             (rounding_mode !=
+              ROUNDING_DOWN) ? 0 : 0x8000000000000000ull;
+         }
+         if ((exponent_x + 1 >=
+              final_exponent_y) /*&& (final_exponent_y>=0) */ ) {
+           extra_digits = __get_dec_digits64 (CT) - 16;
+           if (extra_digits <= 0) {
+             if (!CT.w[0] && rounding_mode == ROUNDING_DOWN)
+               sign_y = 0x8000000000000000ull;
+             return get_BID64 (sign_y, exponent_y, CT.w[0],
+                               rounding_mode, fpsc);
+           }
+         } else
+           if (__unsigned_compare_gt_128
+               (power10_table_128[15 + extra_digits], CT))
+           extra_digits--;
+       }
+
+       return __bid_full_round64 (sign_y, exponent_y, CT, extra_digits,
+                                  rounding_mode, fpsc);
+      }
+      // diff_dec2+extra_digits is the number of digits to eliminate from 
+      //                           argument CY
+      diff_dec2 = exponent_x - final_exponent_y;
+
+      if (diff_dec2 >= 17) {
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST_TIES_AWAY
+       if ((rounding_mode) & 3) {
+         switch (rounding_mode) {
+         case ROUNDING_UP:
+           if (!sign_y) {
+             D = ((SINT64) (sign_x ^ sign_y)) >> 63;
+             D = D + D + 1;
+             coefficient_x += D;
+           }
+           break;
+         case ROUNDING_DOWN:
+           if (sign_y) {
+             D = ((SINT64) (sign_x ^ sign_y)) >> 63;
+             D = D + D + 1;
+             coefficient_x += D;
+           }
+           break;
+         case ROUNDING_TO_ZERO:
+           if (sign_y != sign_x) {
+             D = 0 - 1;
+             coefficient_x += D;
+           }
+           break;
+         }
+         if (coefficient_x < 1000000000000000ull) {
+           coefficient_x -= D;
+           coefficient_x =
+             D + (coefficient_x << 1) + (coefficient_x << 3);
+           exponent_x--;
+         }
+       }
+#endif
+#endif
+#ifdef SET_STATUS_FLAGS
+       if (CY.w[1] | CY.w[0])
+         __set_status_flags (fpsc, INEXACT_EXCEPTION);
+#endif
+       return get_BID64 (sign_x, exponent_x, coefficient_x,
+                         rounding_mode, fpsc);
+      }
+      // here exponent_x <= 16+final_exponent_y
+
+      // truncate CY to 16 dec. digits
+      CYh = __truncate (CY, extra_digits);
+
+      // get remainder
+      T = power10_table_128[extra_digits].w[0];
+      __mul_64x64_to_64 (CY0L, CYh, T);
+
+      remainder_y = CY.w[0] - CY0L;
+
+      // align coeff_x, CYh
+      __mul_64x64_to_128 (CX, coefficient_x,
+                         power10_table_128[diff_dec2].w[0]);
+
+      if (sign_x == sign_y) {
+       __add_128_64 (CT, CX, CYh);
+       if (__unsigned_compare_ge_128
+           (CT, power10_table_128[16 + diff_dec2]))
+         diff_dec2++;
+      } else {
+       if (remainder_y)
+         CYh++;
+       __sub_128_64 (CT, CX, CYh);
+       if (__unsigned_compare_gt_128
+           (power10_table_128[15 + diff_dec2], CT))
+         diff_dec2--;
+      }
+
+      return __bid_full_round64_remainder (sign_x, final_exponent_y, CT,
+                                          diff_dec2, remainder_y,
+                                          rounding_mode, fpsc, 0);
+    }
+  }
+  // Here (exponent_x <= exponent_y)
+  {
+    diff_dec_expon = exponent_y - exponent_x;
+
+    if (diff_dec_expon > MAX_FORMAT_DIGITS) {
+      rmode = rounding_mode;
+
+      if ((sign_x ^ sign_y)) {
+       if (!CY.w[0])
+         CY.w[1]--;
+       CY.w[0]--;
+       if (__unsigned_compare_gt_128
+           (power10_table_128[15 + extra_digits], CY)) {
+         if (rmode & 3) {
+           extra_digits--;
+           final_exponent_y--;
+         } else {
+           CY.w[0] = 1000000000000000ull;
+           CY.w[1] = 0;
+           extra_digits = 0;
+         }
+       }
+      }
+      __scale128_10 (CY, CY);
+      extra_digits++;
+      CY.w[0] |= 1;
+
+      return __bid_simple_round64_sticky (sign_y, final_exponent_y, CY,
+                                         extra_digits, rmode, fpsc);
+    }
+    // apply sign to coeff_x
+    sign_x ^= sign_y;
+    sign_x = ((SINT64) sign_x) >> 63;
+    CX.w[0] = (coefficient_x + sign_x) ^ sign_x;
+    CX.w[1] = sign_x;
+
+    // check whether CY (rounded to 16 digits) and CX have 
+    //                     any digits in the same position
+    diff_dec2 = final_exponent_y - exponent_x;
+
+    if (diff_dec2 <= 17) {
+      // align CY to 10^ex
+      S = power10_table_128[diff_dec_expon].w[0];
+      __mul_64x128_short (CY_L, S, CY);
+
+      __add_128_128 (ST, CY_L, CX);
+      extra_digits2 = __get_dec_digits64 (ST) - 16;
+      return __bid_full_round64 (sign_y, exponent_x, ST, extra_digits2,
+                                rounding_mode, fpsc);
+    }
+    // truncate CY to 16 dec. digits
+    CYh = __truncate (CY, extra_digits);
+
+    // get remainder
+    T = power10_table_128[extra_digits].w[0];
+    __mul_64x64_to_64 (CY0L, CYh, T);
+
+    coefficient_y = CY.w[0] - CY0L;
+    // add rounding constant
+    rmode = rounding_mode;
+    if (sign_y && (unsigned) (rmode - 1) < 2)
+      rmode = 3 - rmode;
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST_TIES_AWAY
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST
+    if (!(rmode & 3))  //ROUNDING_TO_NEAREST
+#endif
+#endif
+    {
+      coefficient_y += round_const_table[rmode][extra_digits];
+    }
+    // align coefficient_y,  coefficient_x
+    S = power10_table_128[diff_dec_expon].w[0];
+    __mul_64x64_to_128 (F, coefficient_y, S);
+
+    // fraction
+    __add_128_128 (FS, F, CX);
+
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST_TIES_AWAY
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST
+    if (rmode == 0)    //ROUNDING_TO_NEAREST
+#endif
+    {
+      // rounding code, here RN_EVEN
+      // 10^(extra_digits+diff_dec_expon)
+      T2 = power10_table_128[diff_dec_expon + extra_digits];
+      if (__unsigned_compare_gt_128 (FS, T2)
+         || ((CYh & 1) && __test_equal_128 (FS, T2))) {
+       CYh++;
+       __sub_128_128 (FS, FS, T2);
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST_TIES_AWAY
+    if (rmode == 4)    //ROUNDING_TO_NEAREST
+#endif
+    {
+      // rounding code, here RN_AWAY
+      // 10^(extra_digits+diff_dec_expon)
+      T2 = power10_table_128[diff_dec_expon + extra_digits];
+      if (__unsigned_compare_ge_128 (FS, T2)) {
+       CYh++;
+       __sub_128_128 (FS, FS, T2);
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST_TIES_AWAY
+    switch (rmode) {
+    case ROUNDING_DOWN:
+    case ROUNDING_TO_ZERO:
+      if ((SINT64) FS.w[1] < 0) {
+       CYh--;
+       if (CYh < 1000000000000000ull) {
+         CYh = 9999999999999999ull;
+         final_exponent_y--;
+       }
+      } else {
+       T2 = power10_table_128[diff_dec_expon + extra_digits];
+       if (__unsigned_compare_ge_128 (FS, T2)) {
+         CYh++;
+         __sub_128_128 (FS, FS, T2);
+       }
+      }
+      break;
+    case ROUNDING_UP:
+      if ((SINT64) FS.w[1] < 0)
+       break;
+      T2 = power10_table_128[diff_dec_expon + extra_digits];
+      if (__unsigned_compare_gt_128 (FS, T2)) {
+       CYh += 2;
+       __sub_128_128 (FS, FS, T2);
+      } else if ((FS.w[1] == T2.w[1]) && (FS.w[0] == T2.w[0])) {
+       CYh++;
+       FS.w[1] = FS.w[0] = 0;
+      } else if (FS.w[1] | FS.w[0])
+       CYh++;
+      break;
+    }
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SET_STATUS_FLAGS
+    status = INEXACT_EXCEPTION;
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST_TIES_AWAY
+    if (!(rmode & 3))
+#endif
+#endif
+    {
+      // RN modes
+      if ((FS.w[1] ==
+          round_const_table_128[0][diff_dec_expon + extra_digits].w[1])
+         && (FS.w[0] ==
+             round_const_table_128[0][diff_dec_expon +
+                                      extra_digits].w[0]))
+       status = EXACT_STATUS;
+    }
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST_TIES_AWAY
+    else if (!FS.w[1] && !FS.w[0])
+      status = EXACT_STATUS;
+#endif
+#endif
+
+    __set_status_flags (fpsc, status);
+#endif
+
+    return get_BID64 (sign_y, final_exponent_y, CYh, rounding_mode,
+                     fpsc);
+  }
+
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+//  If coefficient_z is less than 16 digits long, normalize to 16 digits
+//
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+static UINT64
+BID_normalize (UINT64 sign_z, int exponent_z,
+              UINT64 coefficient_z, UINT64 round_dir, int round_flag,
+              int rounding_mode, unsigned *fpsc) {
+  SINT64 D;
+  int_double tempx;
+  int digits_z, bin_expon, scale, rmode;
+
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST_TIES_AWAY
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST
+  rmode = rounding_mode;
+  if (sign_z && (unsigned) (rmode - 1) < 2)
+    rmode = 3 - rmode;
+#else
+  if (coefficient_z >= power10_table_128[15].w[0])
+    return z;
+#endif
+#endif
+
+  //--- get number of bits in the coefficients of x and y ---
+  tempx.d = (double) coefficient_z;
+  bin_expon = ((tempx.i & MASK_BINARY_EXPONENT) >> 52) - 0x3ff;
+  // get number of decimal digits in the coeff_x
+  digits_z = estimate_decimal_digits[bin_expon];
+  if (coefficient_z >= power10_table_128[digits_z].w[0])
+    digits_z++;
+
+  scale = 16 - digits_z;
+  exponent_z -= scale;
+  if (exponent_z < 0) {
+    scale += exponent_z;
+    exponent_z = 0;
+  }
+  coefficient_z *= power10_table_128[scale].w[0];
+
+#ifdef SET_STATUS_FLAGS
+  if (round_flag) {
+    __set_status_flags (fpsc, INEXACT_EXCEPTION);
+    if (coefficient_z < 1000000000000000ull)
+      __set_status_flags (fpsc, UNDERFLOW_EXCEPTION);
+    else if ((coefficient_z == 1000000000000000ull) && !exponent_z
+            && ((SINT64) (round_dir ^ sign_z) < 0) && round_flag
+            && (rmode == ROUNDING_DOWN || rmode == ROUNDING_TO_ZERO))
+      __set_status_flags (fpsc, UNDERFLOW_EXCEPTION);
+  }
+#endif
+
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST_TIES_AWAY
+#ifndef IEEE_ROUND_NEAREST
+  if (round_flag && (rmode & 3)) {
+    D = round_dir ^ sign_z;
+
+    if (rmode == ROUNDING_UP) {
+      if (D >= 0)
+       coefficient_z++;
+    } else {
+      if (D < 0)
+       coefficient_z--;
+      if (coefficient_z < 1000000000000000ull && exponent_z) {
+       coefficient_z = 9999999999999999ull;
+       exponent_z--;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+#endif
+
+  return get_BID64 (sign_z, exponent_z, coefficient_z, rounding_mode,
+                   fpsc);
+}
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+//    0*10^ey + cz*10^ez,   ey<ez  
+//
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+__BID_INLINE__ UINT64
+add_zero64 (int exponent_y, UINT64 sign_z, int exponent_z,
+           UINT64 coefficient_z, unsigned *prounding_mode,
+           unsigned *fpsc) {
+  int_double tempx;
+  int bin_expon, scale_k, scale_cz;
+  int diff_expon;
+
+  diff_expon = exponent_z - exponent_y;
+
+  tempx.d = (double) coefficient_z;
+  bin_expon = ((tempx.i & MASK_BINARY_EXPONENT) >> 52) - 0x3ff;
+  scale_cz = estimate_decimal_digits[bin_expon];
+  if (coefficient_z >= power10_table_128[scale_cz].w[0])
+    scale_cz++;
+
+  scale_k = 16 - scale_cz;
+  if (diff_expon < scale_k)
+    scale_k = diff_expon;
+  coefficient_z *= power10_table_128[scale_k].w[0];
+
+  return get_BID64 (sign_z, exponent_z - scale_k, coefficient_z,
+                   *prounding_mode, fpsc);
+}
+#endif