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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Appendix D. GNU General Public License version 3</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.74.0" /><link rel="home" href="../spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library Documentation" /><link rel="up" href="spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="prev" href="appendix_free.html" title="Appendix C. Free Software Needs Free Documentation" /><link rel="next" href="appendix_gfdl.html" title="Appendix E. GNU Free Documentation License" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Appendix D.
+ GNU General Public License version 3
+ </th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="appendix_free.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">The GNU C++ Library</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="appendix_gfdl.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="appendix" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="appendix.gpl-3.0"></a>Appendix D.
+ <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3
+ </h2></div></div></div><p>
+ Version 3, 29 June 2007
+ </p><p>
+ Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ <a class="ulink" href="http://fsf.org/" target="_top">http://fsf.org/</a>
+ </p><p>
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license
+ document, but changing it is not allowed.
+ </p><h2><a id="gpl-3-preamble"></a>
+ Preamble
+ </h2><p>
+ The <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License is a free, copyleft
+ license for software and other kinds of works.
+ </p><p>
+ The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to
+ take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, the
+ <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License is intended to guarantee your
+ freedom to share and change all versions of a program—to make sure it
+ remains free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation,
+ use the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License for most of our
+ software; it applies also to any other work released this way by its
+ authors. You can apply it to your programs, too.
+ </p><p>
+ When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our
+ General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom
+ to distribute copies of free software (and charge for them if you wish),
+ that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can
+ change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs, and that you
+ know you can do these things.
+ </p><p>
+ To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you these
+ rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have certain
+ responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify
+ it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
+ </p><p>
+ For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or
+ for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same freedoms that you
+ received. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source
+ code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
+ </p><p>
+ Developers that use the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> <acronym class="acronym">GPL</acronym>
+ protect your rights with two steps: (1) assert copyright on the software,
+ and (2) offer you this License giving you legal permission to copy,
+ distribute and/or modify it.
+ </p><p>
+ For the developers’ and authors’ protection, the
+ <acronym class="acronym">GPL</acronym> clearly explains that there is no warranty for this
+ free software. For both users’ and authors’ sake, the
+ <acronym class="acronym">GPL</acronym> requires that modified versions be marked as changed,
+ so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to authors of
+ previous versions.
+ </p><p>
+ Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run modified
+ versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer can do so.
+ This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of protecting users’
+ freedom to change the software. The systematic pattern of such abuse occurs
+ in the area of products for individuals to use, which is precisely where it
+ is most unacceptable. Therefore, we have designed this version of the
+ <acronym class="acronym">GPL</acronym> to prohibit the practice for those products. If such
+ problems arise substantially in other domains, we stand ready to extend this
+ provision to those domains in future versions of the <acronym class="acronym">GPL</acronym>,
+ as needed to protect the freedom of users.
+ </p><p>
+ Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. States
+ should not allow patents to restrict development and use of software on
+ general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to avoid the
+ special danger that patents applied to a free program could make it
+ effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the <acronym class="acronym">GPL</acronym>
+ assures that patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
+ </p><p>
+ The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification
+ follow.
+ </p><h2><a id="id518323"></a>
+ TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+ </h2><h2><a id="gpl-3-definitions"></a>
+ 0. Definitions.
+ </h2><p>
+ “This License” refers to version 3 of the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym>
+ General Public License.
+ </p><p>
+ “Copyright” also means copyright-like laws that apply to other
+ kinds of works, such as semiconductor masks.
+ </p><p>
+ “The Program” refers to any copyrightable work licensed under
+ this License. Each licensee is addressed as “you”.
+ “Licensees” and “recipients” may be individuals or
+ organizations.
+ </p><p>
+ To “modify” a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of
+ the work in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making
+ of an exact copy. The resulting work is called a “modified
+ version” of the earlier work or a work “based on” the
+ earlier work.
+ </p><p>
+ A “covered work” means either the unmodified Program or a work
+ based on the Program.
+ </p><p>
+ To “propagate” a work means to do anything with it that, without
+ permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for infringement
+ under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a computer or
+ modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying, distribution (with
+ or without modification), making available to the public, and in some
+ countries other activities as well.
+ </p><p>
+ To “convey” a work means any kind of propagation that enables
+ other parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user
+ through a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
+ </p><p>
+ An interactive user interface displays “Appropriate Legal
+ Notices” to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently
+ visible feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
+ tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the extent
+ that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the work under this
+ License, and how to view a copy of this License. If the interface presents
+ a list of user commands or options, such as a menu, a prominent item in the
+ list meets this criterion.
+ </p><h2><a id="SourceCode"></a>
+ 1. Source Code.
+ </h2><p>
+ The “source code” for a work means the preferred form of the
+ work for making modifications to it. “Object code” means any
+ non-source form of a work.
+ </p><p>
+ A “Standard Interface” means an interface that either is an
+ official standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
+ interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that is
+ widely used among developers working in that language.
+ </p><p>
+ The “System Libraries” of an executable work include anything,
+ other than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
+ packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major Component,
+ and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that Major Component, or
+ to implement a Standard Interface for which an implementation is available
+ to the public in source code form. A “Major Component”, in this
+ context, means a major essential component (kernel, window system, and so
+ on) of the specific operating system (if any) on which the executable work
+ runs, or a compiler used to produce the work, or an object code interpreter
+ used to run it.
+ </p><p>
+ The “Corresponding Source” for a work in object code form means
+ all the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
+ work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
+ control those activities. However, it does not include the work’s
+ System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
+ programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but which
+ are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source includes
+ interface definition files associated with source files for the work, and
+ the source code for shared libraries and dynamically linked subprograms that
+ the work is specifically designed to require, such as by intimate data
+ communication or control flow between those subprograms and other parts of
+ the work.
+ </p><p>
+ The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can regenerate
+ automatically from other parts of the Corresponding Source.
+ </p><p>
+ The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same work.
+ </p><h2><a id="BasicPermissions"></a>
+ 2. Basic Permissions.
+ </h2><p>
+ All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of copyright
+ on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated conditions are met.
+ This License explicitly affirms your unlimited permission to run the
+ unmodified Program. The output from running a covered work is covered by
+ this License only if the output, given its content, constitutes a covered
+ work. This License acknowledges your rights of fair use or other
+ equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
+ </p><p>
+ You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey,
+ without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force. You
+ may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of having them make
+ modifications exclusively for you, or provide you with facilities for
+ running those works, provided that you comply with the terms of this License
+ in conveying all material for which you do not control copyright. Those
+ thus making or running the covered works for you must do so exclusively on
+ your behalf, under your direction and control, on terms that prohibit them
+ from making any copies of your copyrighted material outside their
+ relationship with you.
+ </p><p>
+ Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the
+ conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10 makes it
+ unnecessary.
+ </p><h2><a id="Protecting"></a>
+ 3. Protecting Users’ Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
+ </h2><p>
+ No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological measure
+ under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article 11 of the WIPO
+ copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or similar laws prohibiting or
+ restricting circumvention of such measures.
+ </p><p>
+ When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
+ circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention is
+ effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to the covered
+ work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or modification of
+ the work as a means of enforcing, against the work’s users, your or
+ third parties’ legal rights to forbid circumvention of technological
+ measures.
+ </p><h2><a id="ConveyingVerbatim"></a>
+ 4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
+ </h2><p>
+ You may convey verbatim copies of the Program’s source code as you
+ receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately
+ publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; keep intact all
+ notices stating that this License and any non-permissive terms added in
+ accord with section 7 apply to the code; keep intact all notices of the
+ absence of any warranty; and give all recipients a copy of this License
+ along with the Program.
+ </p><p>
+ You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, and you
+ may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
+ </p><h2><a id="ConveyingModified"></a>
+ 5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
+ </h2><p>
+ You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to produce
+ it from the Program, in the form of source code under the terms of section
+ 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
+ </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="a"><li><p>
+ The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it, and
+ giving a relevant date.
+ </p></li><li><p>
+ The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is released under
+ this License and any conditions added under section 7. This requirement
+ modifies the requirement in section 4 to “keep intact all
+ notices”.
+ </p></li><li><p>
+ You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to
+ anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This License will therefore
+ apply, along with any applicable section 7 additional terms, to the
+ whole of the work, and all its parts, regardless of how they are
+ packaged. This License gives no permission to license the work in any
+ other way, but it does not invalidate such permission if you have
+ separately received it.
+ </p></li><li><p>
+ If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
+ Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
+ interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your work need
+ not make them do so.
+ </p></li></ol></div><p>
+ A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent works,
+ which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work, and which are
+ not combined with it such as to form a larger program, in or on a volume of
+ a storage or distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if
+ the compilation and its resulting copyright are not used to limit the access
+ or legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works
+ permit. Inclusion of a covered work in an aggregate does not cause
+ this License to apply to the other parts of the aggregate.
+ </p><h2><a id="ConveyingNonSource"></a>
+ 6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
+ </h2><p>
+ You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of
+ sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable
+ Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these ways:
+ </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="a"><li><p>
+ Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including
+ a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the Corresponding Source
+ fixed on a durable physical medium customarily used for software
+ interchange.
+ </p></li><li><p>
+ Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including
+ a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a written offer, valid
+ for at least three years and valid for as long as you offer spare parts
+ or customer support for that product model, to give anyone who possesses
+ the object code either (1) a copy of the Corresponding Source for all
+ the software in the product that is covered by this License, on a
+ durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange, for a
+ price no more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
+ conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the Corresponding Source from
+ a network server at no charge.
+ </p></li><li><p>
+ Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written
+ offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This alternative is allowed
+ only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if you received the
+ object code with such an offer, in accord with subsection 6b.
+ </p></li><li><p>
+ Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place
+ (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
+ Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
+ further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the
+ Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to copy
+ the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source may be on
+ a different server (operated by you or a third party) that supports
+ equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain clear directions
+ next to the object code saying where to find the Corresponding Source.
+ Regardless of what server hosts the Corresponding Source, you remain
+ obligated to ensure that it is available for as long as needed to
+ satisfy these requirements.
+ </p></li><li><p>
+ Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you
+ inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding Source of the
+ work are being offered to the general public at no charge under
+ subsection 6d.
+ </p></li></ol></div><p>
+ A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded from
+ the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be included in
+ conveying the object code work.
+ </p><p>
+ A “User Product” is either (1) a “consumer product”,
+ which means any tangible personal property which is normally used for
+ personal, family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold
+ for incorporation into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a
+ consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage.
+ For a particular product received by a particular user, “normally
+ used” refers to a typical or common use of that class of product,
+ regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way in which the
+ particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the
+ product. A product is a consumer product regardless of whether the product
+ has substantial commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such
+ uses represent the only significant mode of use of the product.
+ </p><p>
+ “Installation Information” for a User Product means any methods,
+ procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install and
+ execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from a
+ modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must suffice
+ to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object code is in
+ no case prevented or interfered with solely because modification has been
+ made.
+ </p><p>
+ If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
+ specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as part of
+ a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the User Product
+ is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a fixed term
+ (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the Corresponding
+ Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied by the Installation
+ Information. But this requirement does not apply if neither you nor any
+ third party retains the ability to install modified object code on the User
+ Product (for example, the work has been installed in
+ <acronym class="acronym">ROM</acronym>).
+ </p><p>
+ The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
+ requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates for
+ a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for the User
+ Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a network may
+ be denied when the modification itself materially and adversely affects the
+ operation of the network or violates the rules and protocols for
+ communication across the network.
+ </p><p>
+ Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, in
+ accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly documented
+ (and with an implementation available to the public in source code form),
+ and must require no special password or key for unpacking, reading or
+ copying.
+ </p><h2><a id="AdditionalTerms"></a>
+ 7. Additional Terms.
+ </h2><p>
+ “Additional permissions” are terms that supplement the terms of
+ this License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
+ Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be
+ treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent that
+ they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions apply only
+ to part of the Program, that part may be used separately under those
+ permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by this License
+ without regard to the additional permissions.
+ </p><p>
+ When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any
+ additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Additional
+ permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases
+ when you modify the work.) You may place additional permissions on
+ material, added by you to a covered work, for which you have or can give
+ appropriate copyright permission.
+ </p><p>
+ Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you add
+ to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of that
+ material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
+ </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="a"><li><p>
+ Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms
+ of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
+ </p></li><li><p>
+ Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author
+ attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices
+ displayed by works containing it; or
+ </p></li><li><p>
+ Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
+ requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
+ reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
+ </p></li><li><p>
+ Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
+ authors of the material; or
+ </p></li><li><p>
+ Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade
+ names, trademarks, or service marks; or
+ </p></li><li><p>
+ Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by
+ anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with
+ contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any
+ liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on those
+ licensors and authors.
+ </p></li></ol></div><p>
+ All other non-permissive additional terms are considered “further
+ restrictions” within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as
+ you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
+ governed by this License along with a term that is a further restriction,
+ you may remove that term. If a license document contains a further
+ restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this License, you
+ may add to a covered work material governed by the terms of that license
+ document, provided that the further restriction does not survive such
+ relicensing or conveying.
+ </p><p>
+ If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must
+ place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the additional terms
+ that apply to those files, or a notice indicating where to find the
+ applicable terms.
+ </p><p>
+ Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form
+ of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the above
+ requirements apply either way.
+ </p><h2><a id="gpl-3-termination"></a>
+ 8. Termination.
+ </h2><p>
+ You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided
+ under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is
+ void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License
+ (including any patent licenses granted under the third paragraph of section
+ 11).
+ </p><p>
+ However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from
+ a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and
+ until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license,
+ and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the
+ violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
+ </p><p>
+ Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated
+ permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some
+ reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of
+ violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and
+ you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
+ </p><p>
+ Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
+ licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this
+ License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
+ reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
+ material under section 10.
+ </p><h2><a id="AcceptanceNotRequired"></a>
+ 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
+ </h2><p>
+ You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a
+ copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring
+ solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a
+ copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, nothing other than
+ this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered work.
+ These actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License.
+ Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your
+ acceptance of this License to do so.
+ </p><h2><a id="AutomaticDownstream"></a>
+ 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
+ </h2><p>
+ Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a
+ license from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that
+ work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for enforcing
+ compliance by third parties with this License.
+ </p><p>
+ An “entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control
+ of an organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
+ organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work
+ results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who
+ receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the
+ party’s predecessor in interest had or could give under the previous
+ paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding Source of the
+ work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get
+ it with reasonable efforts.
+ </p><p>
+ You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights
+ granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may not impose a
+ license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights granted under
+ this License, and you may not initiate litigation (including a cross-claim
+ or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed
+ by making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or
+ any portion of it.
+ </p><h2><a id="Patents"></a>
+ 11. Patents.
+ </h2><p>
+ A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under
+ this License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
+ work thus licensed is called the contributor’s “contributor
+ version”.
+ </p><p>
+ A contributor’s “essential patent claims” are all patent
+ claims owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
+ hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by
+ this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, but do
+ not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further
+ modification of the contributor version. For purposes of this definition,
+ “control” includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a
+ manner consistent with the requirements of this License.
+ </p><p>
+ Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent
+ license under the contributor’s essential patent claims, to make, use,
+ sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the
+ contents of its contributor version.
+ </p><p>
+ In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any
+ express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a
+ patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not
+ to sue for patent infringement). To “grant” such a patent
+ license to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to
+ enforce a patent against the party.
+ </p><p>
+ If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the
+ Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free
+ of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available
+ network server or other readily accessible means, then you must either (1)
+ cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive
+ yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or
+ (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License,
+ to extend the patent license to downstream recipients. “Knowingly
+ relying” means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent
+ license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your
+ recipient’s use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one
+ or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe
+ are valid.
+ </p><p>
+ If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement,
+ you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and
+ grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work
+ authorizing them to use, propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the
+ covered work, then the patent license you grant is automatically extended to
+ all recipients of the covered work and works based on it.
+ </p><p>
+ A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include
+ within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
+ conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
+ specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work
+ if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the
+ business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third
+ party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under
+ which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the
+ covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection
+ with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those
+ copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or
+ compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that
+ arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
+ </p><p>
+ Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any
+ implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be
+ available to you under applicable patent law.
+ </p><h2><a id="NoSurrender"></a>
+ 12. No Surrender of Others’ Freedom.
+ </h2><p>
+ If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
+ otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
+ excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
+ covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
+ License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
+ not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
+ to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the
+ Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License
+ would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
+ </p><h2><a id="UsedWithAGPL"></a>
+ 13. Use with the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> Affero General Public License.
+ </h2><p>
+ Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to
+ link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the
+ <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> Affero General Public License into a single combined
+ work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will
+ continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special
+ requirements of the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> Affero General Public License,
+ section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
+ combination as such.
+ </p><h2><a id="RevisedVersions"></a>
+ 14. Revised Versions of this License.
+ </h2><p>
+ The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the
+ <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License from time to time. Such new
+ versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
+ detail to address new problems or concerns.
+ </p><p>
+ Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
+ specifies that a certain numbered version of the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym>
+ General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you
+ have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that
+ numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software
+ Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
+ <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License, you may choose any version
+ ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ </p><p>
+ If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of
+ the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License can be used, that
+ proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently
+ authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.
+ </p><p>
+ Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions.
+ However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright
+ holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.
+ </p><h2><a id="WarrantyDisclaimer"></a>
+ 15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+ </h2><p>
+ THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
+ LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR
+ OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
+ ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH
+ YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL
+ NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+ </p><h2><a id="LiabilityLimitation"></a>
+ 16. Limitation of Liability.
+ </h2><p>
+ IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL
+ ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE
+ PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
+ GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE
+ OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA
+ OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
+ PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
+ EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ SUCH DAMAGES.
+ </p><h2><a id="InterpretationSecs1516"></a>
+ 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+ </h2><p>
+ If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above
+ cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing
+ courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute
+ waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a
+ warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in
+ return for a fee.
+ </p><h2><a id="id387622"></a>
+ END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+ </h2><h2><a id="HowToApply"></a>
+ How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+ </h2><p>
+ If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible
+ use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software
+ which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+ </p><p>
+ To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to
+ attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the
+ exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
+ “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is
+ found.
+ </p><pre class="screen">
+<em class="replaceable"><code>one line to give the program’s name and a brief idea of what it does.</code></em>
+Copyright (C) <em class="replaceable"><code>year</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>name of author</code></em>
+
+This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+<acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License
+along with this program. If not, see <a class="ulink" href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/" target="_top">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/</a>.
+ </pre><p>
+ Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+ </p><p>
+ If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like
+ this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+ </p><pre class="screen">
+<em class="replaceable"><code>program</code></em> Copyright (C) <em class="replaceable"><code>year</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>name of author</code></em>
+This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type ‘<code class="literal">show w</code>’.
+This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+under certain conditions; type ‘<code class="literal">show c</code>’ for details.
+ </pre><p>
+ The hypothetical commands ‘<code class="literal">show w</code>’ and
+ ‘<code class="literal">show c</code>’ should show the appropriate parts of
+ the General Public License. Of course, your program’s commands might be
+ different; for a GUI interface, you would use an “about box”.
+ </p><p>
+ You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+ if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if
+ necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the
+ <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> <acronym class="acronym">GPL</acronym>, see
+ <a class="ulink" href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/" target="_top">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/</a>.
+ </p><p>
+ The <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License does not permit
+ incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a
+ subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking
+ proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do,
+ use the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> Lesser General Public License instead of this
+ License. But first, please read <a class="ulink" href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html" target="_top">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html</a>.
+ </p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="appendix_free.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="spine.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="appendix_gfdl.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Appendix C.
+ Free Software Needs Free Documentation
+
+ </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../spine.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Appendix E. GNU Free Documentation License</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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